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Pakatan Harapan
Pakatan Harapan (PH; stylised as HARAPAN; English: Alliance of Hope) is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has led a grand coalition government since November 2022, having previously led a single-coalition government from May 2018 to February 2020.
It is currently the largest coalition in the Dewan Rakyat with 81 seats and is part of the state governments of seven of 13 states in the country, comprising Penang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Pahang, Malacca and Sabah. It also provides confidence and supply in Johor for its state government led by Barisan Nasional (BN).
The coalition consists of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), People's Justice Party (PKR), National Trust Party (AMANAH), and United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO).
The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 Malaysian general election, ending its 60-year-long reign (counted together with its predecessor, Alliance) since independence. Pakatan Harapan fell from power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis, when its chairman and then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigned from office, and his Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) left the coalition along with 11 members of parliament from PKR.
After the 2022 Malaysian general election resulted in a hung parliament, Pakatan Harapan entered into coalition with Barisan Nasional (BN), Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS), Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS), WARISAN, Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM), Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA), Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM), and independents to form what is commonly referred to as a national unity government, with PH chairman Anwar Ibrahim as prime minister.
Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party, the Democratic Action Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS). Disagreements and conflict between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the implementation of sharia law resulted in the predecessor coalition's break-up in June 2015, and it was replaced by a new coalition in September 2015 formed by the remnants of Pakatan Rakyat and a new PAS splinter party, the National Trust Party.
On 12 November 2016, a United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) splinter party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), founded and led by former Malaysian prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad, confirmed that the party was committed to joining Pakatan Harapan. It succeeded in forming an electoral pact with the coalition in December before finally becoming a member in March the next year.
The coalition's presidential council was confirmed in preparation for the coalition's registration. Mahathir was made the coalition's chairman and Wan Azizah Wan Ismail president, with then-imprisoned opposition leader and Wan Azizah's husband Anwar de facto leader. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election, but was rejected by Registrar of Societies and cited as a reason as to why the coalition could not be registered, while the Home Affairs Ministry later cited "issues" related to DAP and BERSATU after a new logo was submitted. The coalition was not registered in time for the general election and in pursuance of its plan to contest under a common logo, it was announced that the component parties would use the logo of PKR on the ballots instead, except in Sabah and Sarawak, where the local party chapters opted to use their respective logos. The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) before the election, with party president Shafie Apdal promising members it would be represented in the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power.
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Pakatan Harapan
Pakatan Harapan (PH; stylised as HARAPAN; English: Alliance of Hope) is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has led a grand coalition government since November 2022, having previously led a single-coalition government from May 2018 to February 2020.
It is currently the largest coalition in the Dewan Rakyat with 81 seats and is part of the state governments of seven of 13 states in the country, comprising Penang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Pahang, Malacca and Sabah. It also provides confidence and supply in Johor for its state government led by Barisan Nasional (BN).
The coalition consists of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), People's Justice Party (PKR), National Trust Party (AMANAH), and United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO).
The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 Malaysian general election, ending its 60-year-long reign (counted together with its predecessor, Alliance) since independence. Pakatan Harapan fell from power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis, when its chairman and then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigned from office, and his Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) left the coalition along with 11 members of parliament from PKR.
After the 2022 Malaysian general election resulted in a hung parliament, Pakatan Harapan entered into coalition with Barisan Nasional (BN), Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS), Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS), WARISAN, Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM), Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA), Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM), and independents to form what is commonly referred to as a national unity government, with PH chairman Anwar Ibrahim as prime minister.
Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party, the Democratic Action Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS). Disagreements and conflict between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the implementation of sharia law resulted in the predecessor coalition's break-up in June 2015, and it was replaced by a new coalition in September 2015 formed by the remnants of Pakatan Rakyat and a new PAS splinter party, the National Trust Party.
On 12 November 2016, a United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) splinter party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), founded and led by former Malaysian prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad, confirmed that the party was committed to joining Pakatan Harapan. It succeeded in forming an electoral pact with the coalition in December before finally becoming a member in March the next year.
The coalition's presidential council was confirmed in preparation for the coalition's registration. Mahathir was made the coalition's chairman and Wan Azizah Wan Ismail president, with then-imprisoned opposition leader and Wan Azizah's husband Anwar de facto leader. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election, but was rejected by Registrar of Societies and cited as a reason as to why the coalition could not be registered, while the Home Affairs Ministry later cited "issues" related to DAP and BERSATU after a new logo was submitted. The coalition was not registered in time for the general election and in pursuance of its plan to contest under a common logo, it was announced that the component parties would use the logo of PKR on the ballots instead, except in Sabah and Sarawak, where the local party chapters opted to use their respective logos. The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) before the election, with party president Shafie Apdal promising members it would be represented in the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power.