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Pakistan Muslim League (N)
The Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) (abbr. PML(N), PMLN or PML-N) is a Pakistani political party with a centre-right political position and a liberal conservative political ideology. It is one of the three major mainstream political parties alongside the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. It currently holds the most electoral seats in the National Assembly, and third-most in the Senate; alongside leading the federal government in the executive, and a majoritarian government in Punjab; as well as being a member of the Peoples Party-led coalition in Balochistan.
Founded in 1993, when a number of prominent conservative politicians in the country joined hands after the dissolution of Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA), under the leadership of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, the party's platform is generally nationalist and conservative, which involves supporting free markets, deregulation, lower taxes, private ownership, and advocate for peace through strength policy. Although the party initially supported social conservatism, in recent years, the party's political ideology and platform has become more liberally conservative.
One of several continuing factions of the original Muslim League in India, the seeds of the party were sown following the general elections in 1985 when then-Prime Minister Muhammad Junejo organised the supporters of President Zia-ul-Haq's presidency into a single platform, known as the Pakistan Muslim League. After President Zia-ul-Haq's death in 1988, under the leadership of Fida Mohammad, a large faction split away from the Junejo-led Pakistan Muslim League, and formed a conservative alliance with various right-wing and Islamist political parties, called the Islamic Democratic Alliance. The alliance formed a government in 1990 under the leadership of Nawaz Sharif. In 1993, the alliance dissolved and the party assumed its current shape, branding itself as the "Nawaz" faction of the Pakistan Muslim League, in contrast to the "Junejo" faction.
After its foundation, the PML-N, boycott and declined with the People's Party, dominated the two-party political system of Pakistan, and its members were accused of using Islamist and right-wing populist rhetoric. Since 1993, the PML-N administrations have been widely described as the "authoritarian regime" by The Economist Democracy Index surveys.
After the breakdown of the relationship with the military in 1999, the party was eclipsed by its own splinter faction, the Musharraf-backed "Quaid", for almost a decade. Its appeal to traditional values and further to the conservative platform helped regained the regained popularity in general elections in 2008. In 2013, the party returned to power with Sharif elected as the prime minister for an unprecedented third term following the general elections, with Sharif.
Upon the creation of Pakistan and departure of the British Crown in 1947, the All-India Muslim League (AIML) became the Muslim League, which was now led by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. After the assassination of Prime Minister Ali Khan, the Muslim League struggled to revive itself, eventually losing control of East Pakistan in legislative elections to the Left Front. Internal disagreement over the party's direction, lack of a political program, motivation for public reforms, and inadequate administrative preparations and mismanagement all led to the public decline of the party. With the Socialist Party, the Muslim League struggled for its survival while facing the Republican Party and Awami League. The martial law imposed in 1958 eventually outlawed all political parties in the country.
The foundation and ground base of the PML-N lies with the Pakistan Muslim League, which was founded in 1962 as an enriched conservative project derived from the defunct Muslim League.[citation needed] The PML was presided over by Fatima Jinnah, who actively participated in presidential elections held in 1965 against Muhammad Ayub Khan. After Fatima Jinnah's death, the PML was led by Nurul Amin, a Bengali leader, who deepened its role in West Pakistan.
On a nationalist and conservative platform, the party engaged in political campaigns against the leftist Pakistan People's Party and the Bengali nationalist party, the Awami League, in the general elections held in 1970. It managed to secure only two electoral seats in the East Pakistan parliament and only ten in the National Assembly of Pakistan. In spite of its limited mandate, Nurul Amin became the prime minister and vice-president of Pakistan – the only figure to have been appointed as vice-president. The PML government was short-lived and soon its government fell in the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The PML-N is ideologically close to the military and holds common beliefs on national security.
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Pakistan Muslim League (N)
The Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) (abbr. PML(N), PMLN or PML-N) is a Pakistani political party with a centre-right political position and a liberal conservative political ideology. It is one of the three major mainstream political parties alongside the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. It currently holds the most electoral seats in the National Assembly, and third-most in the Senate; alongside leading the federal government in the executive, and a majoritarian government in Punjab; as well as being a member of the Peoples Party-led coalition in Balochistan.
Founded in 1993, when a number of prominent conservative politicians in the country joined hands after the dissolution of Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA), under the leadership of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, the party's platform is generally nationalist and conservative, which involves supporting free markets, deregulation, lower taxes, private ownership, and advocate for peace through strength policy. Although the party initially supported social conservatism, in recent years, the party's political ideology and platform has become more liberally conservative.
One of several continuing factions of the original Muslim League in India, the seeds of the party were sown following the general elections in 1985 when then-Prime Minister Muhammad Junejo organised the supporters of President Zia-ul-Haq's presidency into a single platform, known as the Pakistan Muslim League. After President Zia-ul-Haq's death in 1988, under the leadership of Fida Mohammad, a large faction split away from the Junejo-led Pakistan Muslim League, and formed a conservative alliance with various right-wing and Islamist political parties, called the Islamic Democratic Alliance. The alliance formed a government in 1990 under the leadership of Nawaz Sharif. In 1993, the alliance dissolved and the party assumed its current shape, branding itself as the "Nawaz" faction of the Pakistan Muslim League, in contrast to the "Junejo" faction.
After its foundation, the PML-N, boycott and declined with the People's Party, dominated the two-party political system of Pakistan, and its members were accused of using Islamist and right-wing populist rhetoric. Since 1993, the PML-N administrations have been widely described as the "authoritarian regime" by The Economist Democracy Index surveys.
After the breakdown of the relationship with the military in 1999, the party was eclipsed by its own splinter faction, the Musharraf-backed "Quaid", for almost a decade. Its appeal to traditional values and further to the conservative platform helped regained the regained popularity in general elections in 2008. In 2013, the party returned to power with Sharif elected as the prime minister for an unprecedented third term following the general elections, with Sharif.
Upon the creation of Pakistan and departure of the British Crown in 1947, the All-India Muslim League (AIML) became the Muslim League, which was now led by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. After the assassination of Prime Minister Ali Khan, the Muslim League struggled to revive itself, eventually losing control of East Pakistan in legislative elections to the Left Front. Internal disagreement over the party's direction, lack of a political program, motivation for public reforms, and inadequate administrative preparations and mismanagement all led to the public decline of the party. With the Socialist Party, the Muslim League struggled for its survival while facing the Republican Party and Awami League. The martial law imposed in 1958 eventually outlawed all political parties in the country.
The foundation and ground base of the PML-N lies with the Pakistan Muslim League, which was founded in 1962 as an enriched conservative project derived from the defunct Muslim League.[citation needed] The PML was presided over by Fatima Jinnah, who actively participated in presidential elections held in 1965 against Muhammad Ayub Khan. After Fatima Jinnah's death, the PML was led by Nurul Amin, a Bengali leader, who deepened its role in West Pakistan.
On a nationalist and conservative platform, the party engaged in political campaigns against the leftist Pakistan People's Party and the Bengali nationalist party, the Awami League, in the general elections held in 1970. It managed to secure only two electoral seats in the East Pakistan parliament and only ten in the National Assembly of Pakistan. In spite of its limited mandate, Nurul Amin became the prime minister and vice-president of Pakistan – the only figure to have been appointed as vice-president. The PML government was short-lived and soon its government fell in the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The PML-N is ideologically close to the military and holds common beliefs on national security.