Pan Fusheng (Chinese: 潘复生; December 1908 – April 1980) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician. He was the first party secretary of the short-lived Pingyuan Province of the People's Republic of China, and also served as the First Secretary (i.e. party chief) of Henan and Heilongjiang provinces.

During the Great Leap Forward, Pan sympathized with Marshal Peng Dehuai, a critic of Mao Zedong's collectivization policy. As a result, in 1958, he was dismissed as party chief of Henan and subjected to persecution, but was later rehabilitated.

When the Cultural Revolution began, Pan, then party chief of Heilongjiang province, embraced the rebel Red Guards movement and gained the support of Mao. However, he was soon involved in major factional violence, and was dismissed again in 1971 and put under investigation. In 1982, the Chinese Communist Party posthumously criticized him for committing "serious mistakes" during the Cultural Revolution.

Pan Fusheng was born in December 1908 to a poor peasant family in Wendeng, Shandong province. His original name was Liu Kaijun (Chinese: 刘开浚), and courtesy name Juchuan (巨川). Pan was an excellent student in Wendeng County Senior Elementary School, and was admitted to Wendeng County Normal School with the highest score in the entrance examination; however, he was later forced to drop out owing to poverty, and taught in a rural senior elementary school for five years.

In 1929, he was admitted to the Shandong Number One Rural Normal School, where he was influenced by communist classmates, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1931. After the Mukden Incident, which led to the Japanese occupation of Manchuria, Pan organized the Shandong students to join the anti-Japanese and anti-Kuomintang (KMT) protests in the capital Nanjing. In March 1932, he was arrested by the KMT government and held at the Jinan Number One Prison. He was sentenced to ten years for "endangering the Republic", but was released in late 1937, after the eruption of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

After his release from prison, Pan organized and led the Communist guerrillas in Shandong, and later became a leader of the Hebei–Shandong–Henan (Ji–Lu–Yu) revolutionary base area. He participated in the Second Sino-Japanese War and the subsequent Chinese Civil War against the KMT government.

In August 1949, just before the official establishment of the People's Republic of China, Pan Fusheng was appointed Communist Party Secretary of the newly established Pingyuan Province. In March 1950, a number of peasants and cattle froze to death when transporting grain to government storage in Puyang prefecture. Pan took partial responsibility for the "Puyang Incident" and was demoted to deputy party chief.

In November 1952, Pingyuan Province was abolished, mostly merging into Henan Province. Pan Fusheng became the party chief (then called First Secretary) of Henan, succeeding Zhang Xi, and the Political Commissar of the Henan Military District. In September 1956, he was elected as an alternate member of the 8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.