Patricia Era Bath was born in Harlem, New York, to Rupert Bath, a Trinidadian immigrant and merchant seaman, and Gladys Bath, a homemaker. Her parents instilled in her a strong work ethic and a love of learning.

Patricia showed an early aptitude and interest in science. She was inspired by Albert Schweitzer's work in medicine and humanitarianism and immersed herself in books and scientific experiments.

Bath excelled academically at Charles Evans Hughes High School. This solid foundation helped launch her career in the STEM field.

Bath received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Chemistry from Hunter College of the City University of New York. She excelled in her studies and became a Charles Evans Hughes Scholar.

Patricia Bath entered Howard University College of Medicine in Washington, D.C. The environment at Howard, a historically Black university, provided her with a supportive community as she pursued her medical degree.

Bath graduated with honors from Howard University College of Medicine, receiving her Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree.