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Paul Graetz
Paul Graetz
Paul Graetz
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Paul Graetz or Paul Grätz[1] (4 August 1889 – 16 February 1937) [2] was a German actor and comedian star of the Weimar cabaret.[3][4][5]

Key Information

Exile and Death

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In 1933, he was exiled from Germany by the Nazi regeime. "Half Berlin had laughed at his jokes," wrote his friend Erika Mann 1939, "and called him 'our Paul.' The Nazis, however, regarded him as an 'alien element'; 'our Paul' was banished."[6]

Graetz died in Hollywood in 1937. "most likely," wrote Mann, "his heart had not been able to endure the long absence from Berlin. He could act no longer."[7]

Max Reinhardt delivered a eulogy at Graetz's funeral.[8]

Partial filmography

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References

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Paul Graetz

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Paul Graetz (4 August 1889 – 16 February 1937) was a German actor and comedian known for his prominent work in Weimar-era cabaret and silent films, as well as supporting roles in British productions after fleeing Nazi Germany due to his Jewish heritage. He rose to fame in Berlin as a popular performer in Max Reinhardt's influential cabaret Schall und Rauch, where he excelled in contemporary and classical roles, establishing himself as a leading comedic talent in the vibrant theater scene of the 1920s. He appeared in numerous German films during the silent and early sound era, often in character parts, before the rise of the Nazis forced his emigration on February 28, 1933 to England following his public criticism of the regime. After relocating to London to learn English and take small film roles, he featured in British films including Mr. Cohen Takes a Walk (his only lead role), Murder at Monte Carlo (opposite a then-unknown Errol Flynn), April Blossoms, and Mimi. Graetz continued working in supporting character roles, frequently portraying doctors, captains, and other figures, until his death from a stroke on February 16, 1937. His career reflects the broader experience of many Jewish artists displaced by Nazi persecution who sought to rebuild in exile.

Early life

Birth and background

Paul Felix Graetz was born on August 4, 1889, in Berlin, Germany. He was of German-Jewish descent, a background that would later prove central to his experiences during the Nazi era and his subsequent emigration. No detailed accounts of his family or childhood upbringing are widely documented in reliable sources.

Career in Germany

Cabaret stardom

Paul Graetz rose to prominence as a leading comedian and performer in the vibrant cabaret scene of Weimar Berlin during the 1920s. He was regarded as one of the era's outstanding cabaret artists, celebrated for transforming everyday situations, clichés, and political themes into sharp comedic material. Alongside figures like Werner Finck and Anita Berber, Graetz helped push the boundaries of political satire in cabaret performances, contributing to the form's reputation for bold, irreverent commentary on contemporary society. His reputation as a well-known cabaret artist extended to high-profile events, such as the 1928 Berlin im Licht festival, where he performed Kurt Weill's Berlin im Licht song as the highlight of the evening. Graetz was also listed among the great performers who distinguished Berlin cabaret during the period, noted for his avuncular style in recordings and live acts that captured the spirit of the time. His cabaret work established him as a key figure in the German entertainment world before his later transition to film.

Silent film roles

Paul Graetz entered the film industry during the German silent era, appearing in supporting roles that often drew on his comedic background from cabaret performances. One of his earliest notable screen appearances came in Ernst Lubitsch's Sumurun (released internationally as One Arabian Night), a 1920 silent feature adapted from a pantomime in which he played Pufti, the second servant of the merchant Nur-al-Djin. Graetz collaborated again with director Ernst Lubitsch the following year in the comedy Die Bergkatze (The Wildcat, 1921), taking a supporting part in the satirical story set in a mountain fortress. These roles exemplified his early contributions to Weimar-era silent cinema, where he featured in comic and character parts in prominent productions. He continued appearing in German silent films throughout the 1920s before shifting to sound films in subsequent years.

Career in Britain

1930s British films

Paul Graetz appeared in several British films during the 1930s after arriving in the United Kingdom. His credits from this period include April Blossoms (also known as Blossom Time, 1934), Mimi (1935), and Mr. Cohen Takes a Walk (1935). These productions marked his transition to English-language cinema following his earlier work in German silent and sound films. In April Blossoms (1934), a musical romance directed by Paul Stein and inspired by Franz Schubert's life, Graetz played the supporting role of Alois Wimpassinger. The film featured a cast including Jane Baxter, Carl Esmond, and Athene Seyler. Graetz took on the role of Durand in Mimi (1935), a romantic drama adaptation drawing from the story of La Bohème. That same year, he starred in the leading role in Mr. Cohen Takes a Walk (1935), a comedy directed by William Beaudine, portraying Mr. Cohen, an elderly Jewish department store owner who walks away from his business and family to reflect on his life. His performance in the film was particularly praised for its sensitivity and depth. These roles highlighted his ability to adapt to British productions in both supporting and starring capacities during the mid-1930s sound era.

Emigration

Flight from Nazi Germany

Paul Graetz, identified as Jewish in contemporary accounts, was forced to emigrate from Germany following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, as the regime's antisemitic policies targeted Jewish artists and barred them from working in German theater and film. He initially fled to London that same year, where he learned English and appeared in several British films during the mid-1930s. In 1935, Graetz relocated to Hollywood in the United States, arriving with plans to pursue a career in American cinema. This move aligned with the broader pattern of Jewish performers and intellectuals from Weimar Germany seeking refuge and professional opportunities in exile communities abroad due to Nazi persecution.

Death

Death in Hollywood

Paul Graetz died on February 16, 1937, in Hollywood, California, at the age of 47 from a stroke, after being in ill health for several months. He had arrived in Hollywood in early 1936 from New York and appeared in minor supporting roles in several American films in 1936, including Bengal Tiger, Hot Money, and Isle of Fury. Two weeks before his death, he was signed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for a role in the Greta Garbo film Madame Walewska (production of which had not yet begun).
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