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Petosegay
Petosegay or Biidassige (Ottawa: Light that is Coming) (c. 1787 – June 15, 1885) was a 19th-century Odawa merchant and fur trader. Both present-day Petoskey, Michigan, Petoskey State Park, and nearby Emmet County park Camp Petosega are named in his honor. A particular variety of stone was found in abundance on his former lands and named after him, and the Petoskey stone was designated as the official state stone. His granddaughter, Ella Jane Petoskey, was asked by Michigan Governor George W. Romney to be an honored signatory on the bill assigning the Petoskey Stone as the state stone.
The son of the French explorer and fur trader Antoine Carre (Neaatooshing) and his wife, daughter of an Odawa chief, Biidassige was born along the northern banks of the Kalamazoo River. According to popular lore, his father held him up to the rising sun and said "His name shall be Biidassige, 'Light that is Coming,' and he shall become an important person".
He grew up in the lodge of his parents, roughly seven miles northwest of Harbor Springs, near the site of the town of Middle Village. At the age of 21, Biidassige married Kewaykabawikwa, the daughter of Pokozeegun, an Ottawa chieftain from the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. He and his new bride planted apple trees to celebrate their marriage. Many trees survived for decades after Biidassige's death, when they could still be seen by local residents.
With the arrival of Jesuit Catholic missionaries in the area during the early 19th century, Biidassige was befriended by the new men, who would attempt to convert him to Catholicism. He was called Neyas Petosega by the Jesuits, who later interpreted Neyas as an abbreviation of Ignatius, the given name of Saint Ignatius Loyola. He was assigned the name Ignatius Petosega by the Jesuit order.
During the 1840s, when the US government began establishing the first Indian schools for the purposes of re-educating and indoctrinating Native American children, Biidassige sent his two oldest sons to Twinsburg Institute in Twinsburg, Ohio. It was also attended by Native Americans Andrew Jackson Blackbird and Simon Pokagon, who later became writers. However, when the Jesuits learned that this school was operated by Protestants, they asked Biidassige to withdraw his sons, under threat of excommunication, which he refused. Biidassige broke all contact with the Jesuits and his wife left him due to her commitment to the Catholic church.
Biidassige moved his family to the southern shore of Little Traverse Bay, where Biidassige and his elder sons soon acquired land, much of which is now Petoskey, Michigan, from the federal government. Michigan had not yet gained legal status as a state. Biidassige thought by purchasing this land he could provide a refuge for people who wanted to maintain their tribal existence without foreign interference. Biidassige thought he would have the same relationship with the federal government as those on the reservation, called Waganakising (crooked tree). He expanded trading to become a prominent merchant and landowner. What is not mentioned in this history is there was a village called Bear River near the Bear River, and an Odawa band present called The Bear River Band of Odawak. In addition, Chief Biidassige was a combatant in the War of 1812, supporting Tecumseh's effort to force the removal of all foreign influences.
When Michigan became a state in 1837, the federal government did not acknowledge any relationship with Chief Biidassige or his purchase of 440 acres, which included most of the downtown area of present-day Petoskey. The state offered the 440 acres for sale, and a Presbyterian minister came with a deed to several of the 440 acres. Shortly afterwards, other strangers came with deeds to other portions of the land. The band had already been threatened by their removal and relocation to Kansas, and Chief Petoskey knew that if he encouraged any resistance they would be removed.
In 1852, a Presbyterian Mission was established on the land of Nathan Jarman, a local farmer living west of Petoskey's village. Choosing to declare further independence from the Jesuits, Biidassige became actively involved with the Presbyterians, and he and his children became regular attendees at the services. His grandson William Petoskey, the son of Francis, later became a Presbyterian minister.
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Petosegay
Petosegay or Biidassige (Ottawa: Light that is Coming) (c. 1787 – June 15, 1885) was a 19th-century Odawa merchant and fur trader. Both present-day Petoskey, Michigan, Petoskey State Park, and nearby Emmet County park Camp Petosega are named in his honor. A particular variety of stone was found in abundance on his former lands and named after him, and the Petoskey stone was designated as the official state stone. His granddaughter, Ella Jane Petoskey, was asked by Michigan Governor George W. Romney to be an honored signatory on the bill assigning the Petoskey Stone as the state stone.
The son of the French explorer and fur trader Antoine Carre (Neaatooshing) and his wife, daughter of an Odawa chief, Biidassige was born along the northern banks of the Kalamazoo River. According to popular lore, his father held him up to the rising sun and said "His name shall be Biidassige, 'Light that is Coming,' and he shall become an important person".
He grew up in the lodge of his parents, roughly seven miles northwest of Harbor Springs, near the site of the town of Middle Village. At the age of 21, Biidassige married Kewaykabawikwa, the daughter of Pokozeegun, an Ottawa chieftain from the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. He and his new bride planted apple trees to celebrate their marriage. Many trees survived for decades after Biidassige's death, when they could still be seen by local residents.
With the arrival of Jesuit Catholic missionaries in the area during the early 19th century, Biidassige was befriended by the new men, who would attempt to convert him to Catholicism. He was called Neyas Petosega by the Jesuits, who later interpreted Neyas as an abbreviation of Ignatius, the given name of Saint Ignatius Loyola. He was assigned the name Ignatius Petosega by the Jesuit order.
During the 1840s, when the US government began establishing the first Indian schools for the purposes of re-educating and indoctrinating Native American children, Biidassige sent his two oldest sons to Twinsburg Institute in Twinsburg, Ohio. It was also attended by Native Americans Andrew Jackson Blackbird and Simon Pokagon, who later became writers. However, when the Jesuits learned that this school was operated by Protestants, they asked Biidassige to withdraw his sons, under threat of excommunication, which he refused. Biidassige broke all contact with the Jesuits and his wife left him due to her commitment to the Catholic church.
Biidassige moved his family to the southern shore of Little Traverse Bay, where Biidassige and his elder sons soon acquired land, much of which is now Petoskey, Michigan, from the federal government. Michigan had not yet gained legal status as a state. Biidassige thought by purchasing this land he could provide a refuge for people who wanted to maintain their tribal existence without foreign interference. Biidassige thought he would have the same relationship with the federal government as those on the reservation, called Waganakising (crooked tree). He expanded trading to become a prominent merchant and landowner. What is not mentioned in this history is there was a village called Bear River near the Bear River, and an Odawa band present called The Bear River Band of Odawak. In addition, Chief Biidassige was a combatant in the War of 1812, supporting Tecumseh's effort to force the removal of all foreign influences.
When Michigan became a state in 1837, the federal government did not acknowledge any relationship with Chief Biidassige or his purchase of 440 acres, which included most of the downtown area of present-day Petoskey. The state offered the 440 acres for sale, and a Presbyterian minister came with a deed to several of the 440 acres. Shortly afterwards, other strangers came with deeds to other portions of the land. The band had already been threatened by their removal and relocation to Kansas, and Chief Petoskey knew that if he encouraged any resistance they would be removed.
In 1852, a Presbyterian Mission was established on the land of Nathan Jarman, a local farmer living west of Petoskey's village. Choosing to declare further independence from the Jesuits, Biidassige became actively involved with the Presbyterians, and he and his children became regular attendees at the services. His grandson William Petoskey, the son of Francis, later became a Presbyterian minister.