Philip Nye (c. 1595–1672) was a leading English Independent theologian and a member of the Westminster Assembly of Divines. He was the key adviser to Oliver Cromwell on matters of religion and regulation of the Church.

Philip Nye was born into a middle-class family in Sussex, in about 1595. He entered the University of Oxford as a commoner of Brasenose College on July 21, 1615. Afterwards he went to Magdalen Hall, Oxford where he studied under a Puritan tutor. He graduated from Magdalen Hall with an Arts degree in 1619 and an M.A. in 1622. He then entered holy orders and became curate of St Michael's Church, Cornhill, near London. He fell foul of the episcopal court and fled to Holland, spending the years 1633–1640 in exile.

He later held the parish of Acton, and was sent by Parliament on a mission to the imprisoned King Charles I.

He was one of the Five Dissenting Brethren in the Westminster Assembly, and a leader of the group alongside Thomas Goodwin. With support from Lord Kimbolton he had influential connections with the Parliamentary Army, and also had the living of Kimbolton, then in Huntingdonshire. According to Ivan Roots, the eventual ecclesiastical settlement under the Protectorate followed closely proposals from 1652, outlined by Nye with John Owen and others.

Nye co-wrote and promoted the Solemn League and Covenant. Nye along with Stephen Marshall "were sent with the commissioners who went from the English Parliament into Scotland, in order to obtain and establish an agreement with the Scottish nation, and to desire their assistance."

He was a member of the parliamentary subcommittee that created the 1644 Directory for Public Worship and largely wrote it himself.

In 1647, he was one of the preachers who went from the Parliament to Charles I on the Isle of Wight, in order to save his soul and build a political settlement.

Samuel Butler wrote a poem about him, "Upon Philip Nye's Thanksgiving Beard", and mentioned him in Hudibras.