Pinikir, also known as Pinigir, Pirengir, Pirinkir, and Parakaras, was an Ancient Near Eastern astral goddess who originates in Elamite religious beliefs. While she is only infrequently attested in Elamite documents, she achieved a degree of prominence in Hurrian religion. Due to her presence in pantheons of many parts of the Ancient Near East, from Anatolia to Iran, modern researchers refer to her as a "cosmopolitan deity."

Early scholarship incorrectly identified her as one and the same as Kiririsha, an unrelated goddess from a different part of Elam.

Wilfred G. Lambert considered Pinikir's origin to be Elamite.

Hittitologist Gary Beckman proposes that Pinikir’s name has Sumerian origin and has been derived from pirig.gal, "great feline." However, according to Piotr Taracha, this proposal cannot be proven conclusively. While it was assumed in the past that a deity named Pirig-gal appears in the inscriptions of the Hurrian king Tish-atal of Urkesh, subsequent research has shown that this was a misreading and the name inscribed is actually that of Nergal. John MacGinnis argues that a deity named Pirig-gal, attested in an inscription of Esarhaddon, can be identified as Pinikir nonetheless.

Multiple spellings are attested both in Elamite (Pi-ni-gir, Bi-ni-gir, Bi-ne-en-gi-ir, Pi-in-gi-ir-ra) and Hurro-Hittite (Pi-ri-in-kir, Pi-re-en-kir, Pi-ri-kir, Pi-ri-ki-ir, Pi-ri-in-ki-ir) sources. It is possible that some of the latter were read as “Piriggir.” In the Yazılıkaya sanctuary, Pinikir’s name is spelled in hieroglyphs as PURUS+ra/i.

Pinikir was an astral deity, possibly a divine representation of the planet Venus. In Elam she was known as kikki galirra, "mistress of heaven" According to Kamyar Abdi, in Elamite context she was additionally considered the goddess of love and sex.

Based on a bronze plaque from Susa depicting a procession of warrior deities and inscribed with names of various Elamite deities, including Pinikir (but also Kiririsha, Lagamar, Nahhunte and Manzat) Kamyar Abdi argues that Pinikir was viewed as a warrior goddess in Elam. Javier Álvarez-Mon interprets the deities depicted as male and as "a version of (highland) Elamite Sebitti" instead. It has also been proposed that the figures might be deified kings. Pinikir was additionally seemingly associated with warfare, and especially with war horses, at least in Hurro-Hittite context.

In Hurrian sources, Pinikir’s gender varies. An example of masculine Pinikir can be found on the reliefs in Yazılıkaya, where the deity is depicted as winged, similarly to the masculine form of Shaushka (another Hurrian deity whose gender shows some ambiguity) and the moon god Kusuh. The masculine Pinikir is also depicted in a type of skullcap associated with the sun god Shimige and with mortal kings. The similarity to iconography of solar and lunar gods highlights the deity’s celestial character.