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Plasma gasification
Plasma gasification is a thermal process that converts organic matter into a syngas (synthesis gas) which is primarily made up of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A plasma torch powered by an electric arc ionizes gas and transforms organic matter into syngas, producing slag as a byproduct. It is used commercially as a form of waste treatment. It has been tested for the gasification of refuse-derived fuel, biomass, industrial waste, hazardous waste, and solid hydrocarbons, such as coal, oil sands, petcoke, and oil shale.
A plasma torch passes strong electric current under high voltage between two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurized gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,000 to 14,000 °C (3,600 to 25,200 °F). The temperature determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas.
The waste is heated, melted and finally vaporized. At these conditions molecular dissociation occurs by breaking apart molecular bonds. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase (syngas). Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."
Smaller torches typically use an inert gas such as argon, while larger sizes require nitrogen. Electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with other alloys.
Feedstocks are most often refuse-derived fuel, biomass waste, both or biomedical waste and hazardous materials. The content and consistency of the waste directly impacts performance. Extracting treatable material improves consistency. Too much inorganic material such as metal and construction waste increases slag production, while decreasing syngas production. However, the slag is chemically inert and safe to handle. Shredding waste to create uniform particles is generally required. This creates an efficient transfer of energy which breaks down the material.
Added steam supports steam reforming.
Pure synthesis gas consists predominantly of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). Inorganic compounds in the waste stream melt, including glass, ceramics, and metals.
The temperature and lack of oxygen prevents the formation of many toxic compounds such as furans, dioxins, nitrogen oxides, or sulfur dioxide in the flame. However, dioxins form during cooling.
Plasma gasification
Plasma gasification is a thermal process that converts organic matter into a syngas (synthesis gas) which is primarily made up of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A plasma torch powered by an electric arc ionizes gas and transforms organic matter into syngas, producing slag as a byproduct. It is used commercially as a form of waste treatment. It has been tested for the gasification of refuse-derived fuel, biomass, industrial waste, hazardous waste, and solid hydrocarbons, such as coal, oil sands, petcoke, and oil shale.
A plasma torch passes strong electric current under high voltage between two electrodes as an electric arc. Pressurized gas is ionized passing through the plasma created by the arc. The torch's temperature ranges from 2,000 to 14,000 °C (3,600 to 25,200 °F). The temperature determines the structure of the plasma and forming gas.
The waste is heated, melted and finally vaporized. At these conditions molecular dissociation occurs by breaking apart molecular bonds. Complex molecules are separated into individual atoms. The resulting elemental components are in a gaseous phase (syngas). Molecular dissociation using plasma is referred to as "plasma pyrolysis."
Smaller torches typically use an inert gas such as argon, while larger sizes require nitrogen. Electrodes vary from copper or tungsten to hafnium or zirconium, along with other alloys.
Feedstocks are most often refuse-derived fuel, biomass waste, both or biomedical waste and hazardous materials. The content and consistency of the waste directly impacts performance. Extracting treatable material improves consistency. Too much inorganic material such as metal and construction waste increases slag production, while decreasing syngas production. However, the slag is chemically inert and safe to handle. Shredding waste to create uniform particles is generally required. This creates an efficient transfer of energy which breaks down the material.
Added steam supports steam reforming.
Pure synthesis gas consists predominantly of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). Inorganic compounds in the waste stream melt, including glass, ceramics, and metals.
The temperature and lack of oxygen prevents the formation of many toxic compounds such as furans, dioxins, nitrogen oxides, or sulfur dioxide in the flame. However, dioxins form during cooling.