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Prallethrin
Prallethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide and mosquito repellent.
Prallethrin is the primary insecticide in some products for killing wasps and hornets, including their nests. It is the main ingredient in the consumer product "Hot Shot Ant & Roach Plus Germ Killer" spray.[dead link]
Pallethrin is marketed as "GoodKnight Silver Power", SC Johnson as "All Out" by Southern Labs in India.
Prallethrin 1.6% w/w liquid vaporizer is a repellentinsecticide which is generally used for the control of mosquitoes in the household. It is marketed as a mosquito repellent by Godrej as "Quit Mozz" in India.
The vaporizer contains Prallethrin in isoparaffin solvents. The liquid is drawn up through a porous clay carbon wick by capillary action then vaporized with a heater.[citation needed]
The World Health Organization published in 2004 that "Prallethrin is of low mammalian toxicity, with no evidence of carcinogenicity" and "is very toxic to bees and fish but of low toxicity to birds."
Prallethrin is a member of the pyrethroid class of insecticides. Pyrethroids have historically been classified into two groups, Type I and Type II, based upon chemical structure and neurotoxicological effect. Type I pyrethroids lack an alpha-cyano moiety and induce a syndrome in rats consisting of aggressive sparring, altered sensitivity to external stimuli, and fine tremor progressing to whole-body tremor and prostration. These Type I pyrethroid-specific behaviors are collectively described as the T-syndrome. Type II pyrethroids contain an alpha-cyano moiety and produce a syndrome in rats that includes pawing, burrowing, salivation, and coarse tremors leading to choreoathetosis. These Type II pyrethroid-specific behaviors are collectively described as the CS-syndrome Prallethrin is structurally similar to Type I pyrethroids. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) shared by pyrethroids involves the ability to interact with voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in the central and peripheral nervous system, leading to changes in neuron firing, and ultimately neurotoxicity.
Prallethrin has been evaluated for a variety of toxic effects in experimental toxicity studies. Neurotoxicity was observed throughout the database and is the most sensitive endpoint. Effects were seen across species, sexes, and routes of administration. In the acute rat neurotoxicity study, decreased exploratory behavior was seen at the time of peak effect. Reduced motor activity and transient tremors were also observed in the study. In the subchronic rat neurotoxicity study, a higher arousal rate was observed in animals at the highest dose tested. Clinical signs of neurotoxicity were also observed in other toxicity studies (subchronic and chronic oral studies in dogs, developmental toxicity studies in the rat and rabbit, 21-day dermal and 28-day inhalation studies in rats). No neurotoxic effects were observed in rats in the chronic toxicity study.
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Prallethrin
Prallethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide and mosquito repellent.
Prallethrin is the primary insecticide in some products for killing wasps and hornets, including their nests. It is the main ingredient in the consumer product "Hot Shot Ant & Roach Plus Germ Killer" spray.[dead link]
Pallethrin is marketed as "GoodKnight Silver Power", SC Johnson as "All Out" by Southern Labs in India.
Prallethrin 1.6% w/w liquid vaporizer is a repellentinsecticide which is generally used for the control of mosquitoes in the household. It is marketed as a mosquito repellent by Godrej as "Quit Mozz" in India.
The vaporizer contains Prallethrin in isoparaffin solvents. The liquid is drawn up through a porous clay carbon wick by capillary action then vaporized with a heater.[citation needed]
The World Health Organization published in 2004 that "Prallethrin is of low mammalian toxicity, with no evidence of carcinogenicity" and "is very toxic to bees and fish but of low toxicity to birds."
Prallethrin is a member of the pyrethroid class of insecticides. Pyrethroids have historically been classified into two groups, Type I and Type II, based upon chemical structure and neurotoxicological effect. Type I pyrethroids lack an alpha-cyano moiety and induce a syndrome in rats consisting of aggressive sparring, altered sensitivity to external stimuli, and fine tremor progressing to whole-body tremor and prostration. These Type I pyrethroid-specific behaviors are collectively described as the T-syndrome. Type II pyrethroids contain an alpha-cyano moiety and produce a syndrome in rats that includes pawing, burrowing, salivation, and coarse tremors leading to choreoathetosis. These Type II pyrethroid-specific behaviors are collectively described as the CS-syndrome Prallethrin is structurally similar to Type I pyrethroids. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) shared by pyrethroids involves the ability to interact with voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in the central and peripheral nervous system, leading to changes in neuron firing, and ultimately neurotoxicity.
Prallethrin has been evaluated for a variety of toxic effects in experimental toxicity studies. Neurotoxicity was observed throughout the database and is the most sensitive endpoint. Effects were seen across species, sexes, and routes of administration. In the acute rat neurotoxicity study, decreased exploratory behavior was seen at the time of peak effect. Reduced motor activity and transient tremors were also observed in the study. In the subchronic rat neurotoxicity study, a higher arousal rate was observed in animals at the highest dose tested. Clinical signs of neurotoxicity were also observed in other toxicity studies (subchronic and chronic oral studies in dogs, developmental toxicity studies in the rat and rabbit, 21-day dermal and 28-day inhalation studies in rats). No neurotoxic effects were observed in rats in the chronic toxicity study.