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Prototype drug
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In pharmacology and pharmaceutics, a prototype drug is an individual drug that represents a drug class – group of medications having similar chemical structures, mechanism of action and mode of action. Prototypes are the most important, and typically the first developed drugs within the class, and are used as a reference to which all other drugs are compared.[1][2]
Examples
[edit]- Morphine is the prototype of opioid analgesics[1][3]
- Propranolol is the prototype of the beta blockers[4][5]
- Chlorpromazine is the prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic[6][7]
- Imipramine is the prototypical tricyclic antidepressant, and itself a derivative of chlorpromazine[6][8]
- Diazepam is the prototype of the benzodiazepine[2][9]
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is the prototype ethanolamine antihistamine[10]
- Nifedipine is the prototype dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker[11]
- Chloroquine is the prototypical antimalarial agent[12]
- Acyclovir is the prototype antiviral agent that is activated by viral thymidine kinase[13]
- Aspirin is the prototype NSAID[14]
- Amphetamine is the prototype Stimulant[15][16][17]
- Omeprazole is the prototype Proton-pump inhibitor[18][19]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Brophy, Kathleen Marion; Scarlett-Ferguson, Heather; Webber, Karen S. (1 February 2010). Clinical Drug Therapy for Canadian Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-60547-517-2.
- ^ a b Bronwen Jean Bryant; Kathleen Mary Knights (2011). Pharmacology for Health Professionals. Elsevier Australia. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7295-3929-6.
- ^ "Morphine". DrugBank. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ "Pharmacology Glossary".
- ^ "Propranolol". DrugBank. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ a b Watanabe, T.; Wada, H. (1991). Histaminergic Neurons (in Estonian). Taylor & Francis. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-8493-6425-9. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ "Chlorpromazine - MeSH". NCBI. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ "Imipramine - MeSH". NCBI. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ Tallarida, Ronald J. (1982). "Valium (Roche)". TOP 200. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 329–331. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-6746-6_191. ISBN 978-1-4899-6748-0.
- ^ Williams, D.A.; Foye, W.O.; Lemke, T.L. (2002). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 799. ISBN 978-0-683-30737-5. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ "Nifedipine". DrugBank. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ "Chloroquine - MeSH". NCBI. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ "Acyclovir". DrugBank. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ "Aspirin - MeSH". NCBI. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ Foley, Kevin F. (2005). "Mechanism of Action and Therapeutic Uses of Psychostimulants" (PDF). American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science. 18 (2): 107. PMID 15916243. Retrieved 2025-03-07.
- ^ Bronwen Jean Bryant; Kathleen Mary Knights (2011). Pharmacology for Health Professionals. Elsevier Australia. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-7295-3929-6.
- ^ Calipari, Erin S.; Jones, Sara R. (April 2015). "Dopamine dynamics in the basal ganglia: Implications for Parkinson's disease and psychostimulant abuse". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 52 (1): 194–204. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.005. PMC 4403511. PMID 25684746.
- ^ Bronwen Jean Bryant; Kathleen Mary Knights (2011). Pharmacology for Health Professionals. Elsevier Australia. p. 594. ISBN 978-0-7295-3929-6.
- ^ Strand, Daniel S.; Kim, Daejin; Peura, David A. (2017-01-15). "25 Years of Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review". Gut and Liver. 11 (1): 27–37. doi:10.5009/gnl15502. ISSN 1976-2283. PMC 5221858. PMID 27840364.