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Puxian Wannu
Púxiān Wànnú (simplified Chinese: 蒲鲜万奴; traditional Chinese: 蒲鮮萬奴; Wade–Giles: P'u-hsien Wan-nu) was a Jurchen warlord who established the short-lived Eastern Xia dynasty in 13th-century China.
In his early career he served in the Jin (金) as Director of the Shangjiu Bureau (尚厩局), overseeing horse administration. For his military merits, he was appointed as Pacification Commissioner of Liaodong (遼東宣撫使), entrusted with the defense of the region.
In 1211 the Jin army was defeated by the southward Mongol forces at Yehu Ridge (野狐嶺), and in 1215 Zhongdu fell, the situation of the Jin state deteriorating sharply. Wannu then seized the chance to declare independence in Liaodong, founding a state called Great Zhen (大真) and taking the title of Heavenly King (天王). Later he declared himself emperor, changed the state name to Xia (夏), also known as Eastern Xia (東夏), and fought against the Khitan, the Mongols, Goryeo, and Jurchen groups that remained loyal to Jin.
In 1233, during the Mongol campaign against Goryeo, Prince Güyük led a large army that took five Eastern Xia capitals in succession. Puxian Wannu was captured while fleeing and was executed on the spot.
Púxiān Wànnú is also mentioned under the name fūjīū tāīīshī (Persian: فوجیو تاییشی) in Persian historical sources such as the Jami' al-tawarikh.
Puxian Wannu was a Jurchen from Xianping in the Jin. In his early career he served as Director of the Shangjiu Bureau (尚厩局), in charge of the court and the army's horses. He oversaw the breeding, training, and supply of the stables, and during campaigns he was responsible for the allocation and deployment of warhorses.
In 1206 he served as deputy to Grand Commander Wanyan Saibu (完顏賽不) and joined the Jin invasion of the Song dynasty. In the Zhenshui region, the Jin army encountered a Song force sent to block their advance. After discussion, Saibu and the other generals attacked head on, while Puxian Wannu led his troops around to strike from the rear. When the Song lines collapsed and began to fall back, he launched his assault, cutting down large numbers of retreating soldiers. In that battle some twenty thousand Song troops were killed, several thousand horses and livestock were captured, along with a great quantity of weapons and armor. For this success, the ruler of Jin, Wanyan Jing (完顏璟), promoted him to Pacification Commissioner of Xianping (咸平招討使) and sent him to Liaodong (遼東, today's eastern Liaoning).
In 1211 Genghis Khan led a massive army south, declaring war on Jin. As the Mongol forces advanced toward Zhongdu (中都), they clashed with Jin troops at Yehu Ridge (野狐嶺). The Mongol commanders pressed their attack, slaughtered the blocking forces, and routed the Jin army. On hearing of the disaster, the ruler of Jin was shaken, fled in haste, and moved his capital to Kaifeng. Puxian Wannu also took part in the campaign, but after the defeat he withdrew to Xianping. The Mongol victory severed the link between the northeast and the central regions, leaving the Jin state effectively cut in two.
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Puxian Wannu
Púxiān Wànnú (simplified Chinese: 蒲鲜万奴; traditional Chinese: 蒲鮮萬奴; Wade–Giles: P'u-hsien Wan-nu) was a Jurchen warlord who established the short-lived Eastern Xia dynasty in 13th-century China.
In his early career he served in the Jin (金) as Director of the Shangjiu Bureau (尚厩局), overseeing horse administration. For his military merits, he was appointed as Pacification Commissioner of Liaodong (遼東宣撫使), entrusted with the defense of the region.
In 1211 the Jin army was defeated by the southward Mongol forces at Yehu Ridge (野狐嶺), and in 1215 Zhongdu fell, the situation of the Jin state deteriorating sharply. Wannu then seized the chance to declare independence in Liaodong, founding a state called Great Zhen (大真) and taking the title of Heavenly King (天王). Later he declared himself emperor, changed the state name to Xia (夏), also known as Eastern Xia (東夏), and fought against the Khitan, the Mongols, Goryeo, and Jurchen groups that remained loyal to Jin.
In 1233, during the Mongol campaign against Goryeo, Prince Güyük led a large army that took five Eastern Xia capitals in succession. Puxian Wannu was captured while fleeing and was executed on the spot.
Púxiān Wànnú is also mentioned under the name fūjīū tāīīshī (Persian: فوجیو تاییشی) in Persian historical sources such as the Jami' al-tawarikh.
Puxian Wannu was a Jurchen from Xianping in the Jin. In his early career he served as Director of the Shangjiu Bureau (尚厩局), in charge of the court and the army's horses. He oversaw the breeding, training, and supply of the stables, and during campaigns he was responsible for the allocation and deployment of warhorses.
In 1206 he served as deputy to Grand Commander Wanyan Saibu (完顏賽不) and joined the Jin invasion of the Song dynasty. In the Zhenshui region, the Jin army encountered a Song force sent to block their advance. After discussion, Saibu and the other generals attacked head on, while Puxian Wannu led his troops around to strike from the rear. When the Song lines collapsed and began to fall back, he launched his assault, cutting down large numbers of retreating soldiers. In that battle some twenty thousand Song troops were killed, several thousand horses and livestock were captured, along with a great quantity of weapons and armor. For this success, the ruler of Jin, Wanyan Jing (完顏璟), promoted him to Pacification Commissioner of Xianping (咸平招討使) and sent him to Liaodong (遼東, today's eastern Liaoning).
In 1211 Genghis Khan led a massive army south, declaring war on Jin. As the Mongol forces advanced toward Zhongdu (中都), they clashed with Jin troops at Yehu Ridge (野狐嶺). The Mongol commanders pressed their attack, slaughtered the blocking forces, and routed the Jin army. On hearing of the disaster, the ruler of Jin was shaken, fled in haste, and moved his capital to Kaifeng. Puxian Wannu also took part in the campaign, but after the defeat he withdrew to Xianping. The Mongol victory severed the link between the northeast and the central regions, leaving the Jin state effectively cut in two.