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Qalandariyya
The Qalandariyya (Arabic: قلندرية), is a sufi spiritual order associated with the Qalandar, a title used in Islamic mysticism. Emerging in the medieval Islamic world, the Qalandariyya became associated with a small number of prominent mystics and ascetics across different historical periods, including Rabia al-Basri, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Bu Ali Shah Qalandar, and more recent Qalandar Baba Auliya, whose influence extended across Persia, Central Asia, and South Asia.
Several later spiritual movements and Sufi schools trace inspiration or lineage to the Qalandari tradition. Among these is the Azeemia order, founded in the 20th century by Qalandar Baba Awliya.
According to Qalandari hagiographical traditions, the Qalandariyya order traces its origins to Abdul Aziz Makki, who is described as a descendant of the prophet Salih and among the Ashab al-Suffa, the companions who resided in the Suffa area of the Prophet's Mosque Masjid-e-Nabvi in Medina. Tradition holds that after learning of the coming of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Abdul Aziz Makki prayed to God to allow him to live long enough to witness his era. According to these accounts, his prayer was accepted, he embraced Islam at the hands of Muhammad, and was given the name of Qalandar by the prophet.
Some Sufi traditions associate the early spiritual foundations of the Qalandariyya silsila with the Egyptian mystic Dhu al-Nun al-Misri.
According to secondary sources, the Qalandariyya are an unorthodox Tariqa of Sufi dervishes that originated in medieval al-Andalus as an answer to the state sponsored Zahirism of the Almohad Caliphate.
From al-Andalus the Qalandariyya quickly spread into North Africa, the Levant, Arabia, the Iranosphere, Anatolia, Central Asia and Pakistan. In the early 12th century the movement gained popularity in Greater Khorasan and neighbouring regions, including South Asia.
The Qalandariyya may have arisen from the earlier Malamatiyya, and exhibited some Buddhist and Hindu influences in South Asia. The Malamatiyya condemned the use of drugs and dressed only in blankets or in hip-length hairshirts. Qalandariyya spread to Hazrat Pandua in Bengal and places in Pakistan through the efforts of multiple Qalandari figures.
Qalandari songs in Pakistan typically incorporate Qawwali styles as well as different local folk styles, such as Bhangra and intense Naqareh or Dhol drumming.
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Qalandariyya
The Qalandariyya (Arabic: قلندرية), is a sufi spiritual order associated with the Qalandar, a title used in Islamic mysticism. Emerging in the medieval Islamic world, the Qalandariyya became associated with a small number of prominent mystics and ascetics across different historical periods, including Rabia al-Basri, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Bu Ali Shah Qalandar, and more recent Qalandar Baba Auliya, whose influence extended across Persia, Central Asia, and South Asia.
Several later spiritual movements and Sufi schools trace inspiration or lineage to the Qalandari tradition. Among these is the Azeemia order, founded in the 20th century by Qalandar Baba Awliya.
According to Qalandari hagiographical traditions, the Qalandariyya order traces its origins to Abdul Aziz Makki, who is described as a descendant of the prophet Salih and among the Ashab al-Suffa, the companions who resided in the Suffa area of the Prophet's Mosque Masjid-e-Nabvi in Medina. Tradition holds that after learning of the coming of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Abdul Aziz Makki prayed to God to allow him to live long enough to witness his era. According to these accounts, his prayer was accepted, he embraced Islam at the hands of Muhammad, and was given the name of Qalandar by the prophet.
Some Sufi traditions associate the early spiritual foundations of the Qalandariyya silsila with the Egyptian mystic Dhu al-Nun al-Misri.
According to secondary sources, the Qalandariyya are an unorthodox Tariqa of Sufi dervishes that originated in medieval al-Andalus as an answer to the state sponsored Zahirism of the Almohad Caliphate.
From al-Andalus the Qalandariyya quickly spread into North Africa, the Levant, Arabia, the Iranosphere, Anatolia, Central Asia and Pakistan. In the early 12th century the movement gained popularity in Greater Khorasan and neighbouring regions, including South Asia.
The Qalandariyya may have arisen from the earlier Malamatiyya, and exhibited some Buddhist and Hindu influences in South Asia. The Malamatiyya condemned the use of drugs and dressed only in blankets or in hip-length hairshirts. Qalandariyya spread to Hazrat Pandua in Bengal and places in Pakistan through the efforts of multiple Qalandari figures.
Qalandari songs in Pakistan typically incorporate Qawwali styles as well as different local folk styles, such as Bhangra and intense Naqareh or Dhol drumming.