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Qalunya
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Qalunya
Qalunya (Arabic: قالونيا, also transliterated Qaluniya) was a Palestinian village located 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) west of Jerusalem. Prior to the village's destruction in 1948, with the exception of 166 dunams, Qalunya's land was privately owned: 3,594 dunams were owned by Arabs, while 1,084 dunams were owned by Jews.
Qalunya stood on a mountain slope, facing southwest; Wadi Qalunya passed through its eastern edge. The village lay on the Jerusalem-Jaffa highway, and a dirt path linked it to its neighboring villages. Qalunya was located where the Israelite and Jewish town of Motza was believed to have been. The Modern Motza is now an outlying neighborhood of Jerusalem, and ruins of demolished buildings from Qalunya are present near Motza, covered in vegetation, just off the main highway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. The town of Mevaseret Zion today is expanding upon some of the territory of former Qalunya.
Qalunya preserves the name of Colonia Amosa or Colonia Emmaus, a Roman colony established at the site of the Jewish village of Motza, which was destroyed during the First Jewish–Roman War. After 71 CE, Emperor Vespasian settled 800 Roman soldiers in the town, as part of a post-war policy of land confiscation and veteran settlement, which aimed to reward soldiers and establish a loyal population in the province. The settlers came from throughout the Roman Empire, and "might have been, at least partially, of non-Semitic" origins.
The word colonia produced the Byzantine-period Greek name, Koloneia, for the site. The status of the site in the early Islamic period has not been established, but the name was preserved in Crusader times as Qalonie or Qalunia and in Arabic as Qalunya. Mujir al-Din al-Hanbali reported that in 1192 it was a village near Jerusalem.
It has also been suggested that Qalunya was Emmaus of the New Testament. The site is at more or less the correct distance from Jerusalem to match the story told in the Gospel of Luke (Luke 24:13–35). The village where Vespasian settled the 800 veterans was known as Emmaus at that time.[citation needed] The new military colony completely eclipsed the title town and its name was lost to history. During the Byzantine period the name Emmaus was not in use, so the Byzantine Christians did not know of it. The tradition of Emmaus was attached to Emmaus-Nicopolis instead. Excavations in 2001-2003 headed by Professor Carsten Peter Thiede let him conclude that Khirbet Mizza/Tel Moza was the only credible candidate for biblical Emmaus.
In the 1596 tax registers, Qalunya was a village in the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Jerusalem under the liwa' (district) of Jerusalem, and it had a population of 19 Muslim households, an estimated 110 persons. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on a number of crops, including wheat, barley and olives, as well as on goats, beehives and molasses; a total of 6,450 akçe. All of the revenue went to Waqf.
In 1838, Kulonieh was noted as a Muslim village in the Beni Malik district, west of Jerusalem.
In 1863 Victor Guérin found it to be a village of 500 inhabitants, while an Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that Kalonije had a population of 120, in 43 houses, though the population count included men, only.
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Qalunya
Qalunya (Arabic: قالونيا, also transliterated Qaluniya) was a Palestinian village located 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) west of Jerusalem. Prior to the village's destruction in 1948, with the exception of 166 dunams, Qalunya's land was privately owned: 3,594 dunams were owned by Arabs, while 1,084 dunams were owned by Jews.
Qalunya stood on a mountain slope, facing southwest; Wadi Qalunya passed through its eastern edge. The village lay on the Jerusalem-Jaffa highway, and a dirt path linked it to its neighboring villages. Qalunya was located where the Israelite and Jewish town of Motza was believed to have been. The Modern Motza is now an outlying neighborhood of Jerusalem, and ruins of demolished buildings from Qalunya are present near Motza, covered in vegetation, just off the main highway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. The town of Mevaseret Zion today is expanding upon some of the territory of former Qalunya.
Qalunya preserves the name of Colonia Amosa or Colonia Emmaus, a Roman colony established at the site of the Jewish village of Motza, which was destroyed during the First Jewish–Roman War. After 71 CE, Emperor Vespasian settled 800 Roman soldiers in the town, as part of a post-war policy of land confiscation and veteran settlement, which aimed to reward soldiers and establish a loyal population in the province. The settlers came from throughout the Roman Empire, and "might have been, at least partially, of non-Semitic" origins.
The word colonia produced the Byzantine-period Greek name, Koloneia, for the site. The status of the site in the early Islamic period has not been established, but the name was preserved in Crusader times as Qalonie or Qalunia and in Arabic as Qalunya. Mujir al-Din al-Hanbali reported that in 1192 it was a village near Jerusalem.
It has also been suggested that Qalunya was Emmaus of the New Testament. The site is at more or less the correct distance from Jerusalem to match the story told in the Gospel of Luke (Luke 24:13–35). The village where Vespasian settled the 800 veterans was known as Emmaus at that time.[citation needed] The new military colony completely eclipsed the title town and its name was lost to history. During the Byzantine period the name Emmaus was not in use, so the Byzantine Christians did not know of it. The tradition of Emmaus was attached to Emmaus-Nicopolis instead. Excavations in 2001-2003 headed by Professor Carsten Peter Thiede let him conclude that Khirbet Mizza/Tel Moza was the only credible candidate for biblical Emmaus.
In the 1596 tax registers, Qalunya was a village in the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Jerusalem under the liwa' (district) of Jerusalem, and it had a population of 19 Muslim households, an estimated 110 persons. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on a number of crops, including wheat, barley and olives, as well as on goats, beehives and molasses; a total of 6,450 akçe. All of the revenue went to Waqf.
In 1838, Kulonieh was noted as a Muslim village in the Beni Malik district, west of Jerusalem.
In 1863 Victor Guérin found it to be a village of 500 inhabitants, while an Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that Kalonije had a population of 120, in 43 houses, though the population count included men, only.
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