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Radar Scope
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| Radar Scope | |
|---|---|
 Arcade flyer | |
| Developers | |
| Publisher | Nintendo |
| Composer | Hirokazu Tanaka[4] |
| Platform | Arcade |
| Release | |
| Genre | Shoot 'em up |
| Modes | Single-player, multiplayer |
Radar Scope[a] is a 1980 shoot 'em up video game developed and published by Nintendo for arcades. The player controls the Sonic Spaceport starship, which must wipe out formations of an enemy race known as the Gamma Raiders before they destroy the player's space station. The gameplay is similar to Space Invaders and Galaxian, albeit viewed from a three-dimensional perspective.
Radar Scope was a commercial failure, and created a financial crisis for the subsidiary Nintendo of America. Its president, Minoru Arakawa, pleaded for his father-in-law, Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi, to send him a new game that could convert and salvage thousands of unsold Radar Scope machines, leading to the creation of Donkey Kong. Radar Scope is one of the first video game projects for artist Shigeru Miyamoto and composer Hirokazu Tanaka.
Retrospectively, critics have praised Radar Scope for its gameplay and design being a unique iteration upon the Space Invaders template. One critic labeled it one of Nintendo's most important games because its commercial failure inadvertently led to the creation of Nintendo's mascot character and helped pave the way for the company's entry into the console video game market.
Gameplay
[edit]
Radar Scope is a shoot 'em up in a three-dimensional third-person perspective over a gradient-blue background,[5] often described as a cross between Galaxian and Space Invaders.[6] The player pilots the Sonic Spaceport starship and must defend the space station against enemies called the Gamma Raiders. Gameplay involves clearing each stage of the Gamma Raiders without colliding with them or their projectiles.[7] Each stage sets 48 Gamma Raiders in a formation, who break away and swoop down toward the player. Some will simply swoop down and fire at the player, and others will try to ram into the space station.[7][6] The Sonic Spaceport has a damage meter at the bottom of the screen, which depletes with enemy fire.[7] The player can lose a life by either allowing this meter to deplete or by colliding with a Gamma Raider or their projectile.[6] Three types of arcade cabinets were produced: a standard upright, a tabletop version, and a rare sit-down cabinet.[6]
Development and release
[edit]
In the late 1970s, Nintendo Co., Ltd. began shifting its focus away from toys and playing cards into the arcade market. This followed the 1973 oil crisis having increased the cost of manufacturing toys, and the widespread success of Taito's Space Invaders in 1978.[7] Nintendo had briefly experimented with electro-mechanical arcade gun games such as Wild Gunman and the Laser Clay Shooting System, followed by arcade video games such as EVR-Race, Sheriff, Space Fever, and the Color TV-Game line of dedicated home consoles.[8]
Radar Scope was created by Nintendo Research & Development 2 (R&D2). Masayuki Uemura led the development of the game, while Hirokazu Tanaka programmed the audio and composed the music. Shigeru Miyamoto assisted in the game's art production as one of his first video game projects; however, his role in development is often debated, with some claiming he designed the onscreen graphics, and others saying he simply created the arcade cabinet artwork.[7] David Scheff's book Game Over claims that Miyamoto found the game "simplistic and banal" after it was completed.[7][9]
The arcade hardware for Radar Scope was co-developed with Ikegami Tsushinki. It is based on Namco's Galaxian (1979), with technology such as high-speed emitter-coupled logic (ECL) integrated circuit (IC) chips and memory on a 50 MHz printed circuit board. Galaxian, in turn, was based on Space Invaders hardware, replacing the more intensive bitmap rendering system with a hardware sprite rendering system that animates sprites over a scrolling background, allowing more detailed graphics, faster gameplay, and a scrolling animated starfield background.[10]
Radar Scope was released in Japan on October 8, 1980.[2] That year, Minoru Arakawa established the subsidiary Nintendo of America in New York City. Based on favorable tests at arcades in Seattle, he wagered most of the company's modest corporate budget on ordering 3,000 Radar Scope units from Nintendo Co., Ltd.[9]: 103–105 [11] Shipping the units into New York by boat took four months, by which time the market lost interest.[7] A total of 1,000 Radar Scope units were sold to an underwhelming reception, and the remaining 2,000 sat in Nintendo's warehouse. This expensive failure put Nintendo of America into a financial crisis.
Arakawa moved the distressed startup to the Seattle area to cut shipping time. He asked his father in-law and Nintendo CEO Hiroshi Yamauchi to develop a new game that could be retrofitted into the unsold Radar Scope cabinets.[9]: 103–105 [11] Yamauchi polled the company's entire talent pool for fresh game design concepts that could satisfy Nintendo of America's needs. The result was Shigeru Miyamoto's debut as lead game designer with Donkey Kong, starring Mario and released in 1981.[9]: 106 [11][8] The Donkey Kong conversion kits consisting of ROM chips and cabinet marquee graphics were shipped to Nintendo of America and installed on more than 2,000 Radar Scope machines by a small team including Arakawa and his wife.[11][9]: 109
Reception and legacy
[edit]Radar Scope was a commercial failure for Nintendo upon release. Out of an estimated 3,000 arcade cabinets shipped to the United States alone, 1,000 were sold to an underwhelming reception and the remaining 2,000 sat unsold in Nintendo's warehouse.[11] The salvage of unsold Radar Scope hardware—by creating Donkey Kong and Mario—provided the company with its first international smash hit and a resulting windfall of $280 million. This rescued Nintendo of America from financial crisis, established Nintendo as a prominent brand in the United States, and helped fund its launch of the Nintendo Entertainment System.[9]: 111 [13]
In a 1998 retrospective review, Earl Green of Allgame said the 3D perspective is a unique idea for the time, and that Radar Scope improved the trend of countless games styled after the archetypal Space Invaders.[12] Shack News writer Greg Burke liked the game's colorful visuals and interesting gameplay which differentiate it from games like Galaxian and Space Invaders.[14] 1UP.com criticized the lack of "tight design" as found in Galaxian, and for its blaring and annoying sound effects. They said the third-person perspective is a unique innovation, imitated years later by games such as Konami's Juno First and Activision's Beamrider.[15]
In 2014, Jeremy Parish of USGamer said that Radar Scope "belonged to the better class of [Space Invaders] rip-offs".[7] He greatly applauded the 3D perspective for providing a unique sense of progression and depth.[7] He was disappointed that the game is poorly recognized over the decades due to its rough history and scarcity, writing: "Sadly, Radar Scope tends to be brushed under the rug as a matter of no real significance: A failed game whose only positive contribution to gaming history was providing an opportunity for something better to come along. In truth, though, Radar Scope wasn't a poor game by any measure; its crimes were instead a simple matter of timing, and of being the focus of Nintendo's ill-conceived ambitions."[7] He said that Radar Scope created a "lever" that allowed Nintendo to successfully propel themselves into the console market.[7]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006). 任天堂 Nintendo; Nintendo of America; R (in Japanese) (1st ed.). Amusement News Agency. pp. 128, 162. ISBN 978-4990251215.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b "Radar scope (Registration Number PA0000096933)". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- ^ McFerran, Damien (2018-02-26). "Feature: Shining A Light On Ikegami Tsushinki, The Company That Developed Donkey Kong". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
- ^ Vacuum, Works｜Sporadic. "Nintendo Archive - Works｜Sporadic Vacuum". Hirokazutanaka.com. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
- ^ Stanton, Rich (2015). "11. The Rise of Nintendo". A Brief History Of Video Games: From Atari to Xbox One. Little, Brown Book Group, Hachette Book Group. p. 114. ISBN 9781472118813.
Radar Scope owed much to the popularity of Space Invaders and Galaxian, but nevertheless felt original thank to its 3D third-person perspective.
- ^ a b c d "Radar Scope - Videogame by Nintendo". Killer List of Videogames. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Parish, Jeremy (21 January 2014). "35 Years Ago, Nintendo's First Brush With Video Disaster". USGamer. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ a b Kent, Steven L. (2002). The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World. New York: Random House International. ISBN 978-0-7615-3643-7. OCLC 59416169. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Sheff, David (1994). Game Over: How Nintendo conquered the world (1st Vintage books ed.). New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 9780307800749. OCLC 780180879. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
- ^ "【任天堂「ファミコン」はこうして生まれた】 第6回：業務用ゲーム機の挫折をバネにファミコンの実現に挑む" [How the Famicom Was Born – Part 6: Making the Famicom a Reality]. Nikkei Electronics (in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications. September 12, 1994. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
- "Making the Famicom a Reality". GlitterBerri's Game Translations. March 28, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-05-05.
- ^ a b c d e Nix, Marc (14 September 2010). "IGN Presents: The History of Super Mario Bros". IGN. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ a b Green, Earl (1998). "Radar Scope - Review". Allgame. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ Jörg Ziesak (2009). Wii Innovate – How Nintendo Created a New Market Through Strategic Innovation. GRIN Verlag. p. 2029. ISBN 978-3-640-49774-4. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
Donkey Kong was Nintendo's first international smash hit and the main reason behind the company's breakthrough in the Northern American market. In the first year of its publication, it earned Nintendo 180 million US dollars, continuing with a return of 100 million dollars in the second year.
- ^ Burke, Greg (22 June 2017). "Shack's Arcade Corner: Radar Scope". Shack News. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ Ragan, Jess (2011). "Where Were They Then: The First Games of Nintendo, Konami, and More". 1UP.com. p. 2. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
Radar Scope
View on GrokipediaOverview
Setting and plot
Radar Scope is set in a fictional outer space universe depicting an interstellar conflict between human forces and an aggressive alien fleet known as the Gamma Raiders. The game portrays humanity's expansion into space, with vulnerable Spaceports serving as central hubs for colonization and defense efforts. These installations are under constant threat from the invading Gamma Raiders, who seek to eradicate human presence in the cosmos.[4][1] In the game's plot, players assume the role of a captain commanding the Sonic Spaceport starship, tasked with defending a key Spaceport from successive waves of Gamma Raider vessels intent on its destruction. The narrative unfolds through escalating assaults, where the captain must eliminate enemy formations to prevent the total disintegration of all allied Spaceports, symbolizing the broader peril to human interstellar ambitions. Success hinges on neutralizing 48 Gamma Raiders across multiple phases, with failure leading to the collapse of defensive lines.[5][4][1] The Gamma Raiders are depicted as a hierarchical alien armada, featuring standard fighter craft alongside larger command ships that lead coordinated attacks, emphasizing their organized threat to human outposts. The Sonic Spaceport itself represents a pivotal asset in humanity's frontier push, equipped for rapid response in the void. Visually and thematically, the game draws from 1970s science fiction aesthetics, employing pseudo-3D perspectives with curving vector-like graphics to evoke vast, dynamic space battles reminiscent of era films like Star Wars.[5][4]Technical specifications
Radar Scope utilized a custom arcade board co-developed by Nintendo and Ikegami Tsushinki, drawing architectural inspiration from Namco's Galaxian hardware to enable efficient sprite handling and vertical scrolling effects. The system was powered by a Zilog Z80 CPU operating at 3.072 MHz for main processing and an Intel i8035 microcontroller at 400 kHz for sound, supported by 3 KB of program RAM (using six 2114 static RAM chips configured in three 1 KB banks) and 16 KB of ROM for program storage (comprising four 2532 EPROMs). In addition to the program RAM, it includes 2 KB of video RAM (1 KB each for foreground/objects and background).[6][4][7] Graphically, the game rendered at a 224 × 256 pixel resolution on a vertical raster monitor, employing sprite-based rendering with dedicated video hardware including an 8257 DMA controller for efficient data transfer from ROM to shift registers. This setup facilitated pseudo-3D effects through scaling, rotation, and layering of multiple sprites, creating depth illusion in the third-person perspective; colors were generated from a limited 3-bit palette of 8 hues via resistor mixing and a color PROM (MB7052).[8][9][10] Audio was handled by an Intel i8035 microcontroller driving discrete analog circuitry and DAC, producing simple electronic beeps, explosions, and sampled background effects, without dedicated synthesis chips or voice capabilities in the base configuration.[1][8] Player input consisted of a 2-way joystick for horizontal movement and a single fire button, accommodating one or two players in alternating turns.[2] The game supported multiple cabinet configurations to suit different arcade environments: the standard upright model with a vertical control panel, a cocktail or tabletop variant for shared play, and a deluxe sit-down cockpit edition featuring immersive controls and seating.[2]Gameplay
Controls and mechanics
Radar Scope is a fixed-screen shoot 'em up arcade game in which players control a starship called the Sonic Spaceport positioned at the bottom of the playfield, using a two-way joystick for horizontal left-and-right movement and a single fire button to launch rapid-fire missiles at incoming enemy formations.[1][2] The game's core mechanics revolve around defending a space station from waves of alien invaders known as Gamma Raiders, with each stage requiring the destruction of 48 enemies before advancing.[1] Unlike many contemporaries that relied on a strict one-hit death system, Radar Scope introduces a damage meter for the player's ship, which depletes upon enemy collisions or shots; partial damage slows the firing rate, while a fully depleted meter temporarily weakens the blaster's power until the current stage is cleared, emphasizing evasion and precise shooting over direct confrontation.[11] There are no power-ups to enhance the ship, placing greater focus on maneuvering to avoid dive-bombing foes and their projectiles.[2] The scoring system rewards strategic play, awarding points for each destroyed enemy based on its type and position within the formation—typically higher values for foes closer to the bottom of the screen or specific variants like larger command ships.[1] Players start with a programmable number of lives (standardly three Spaceports, representing the ship), and additional lives are earned at score thresholds of 7,000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 points.[1] Multiplayer is supported for up to two players, who take alternating turns without any direct competitive elements or simultaneous play.[1] Difficulty progresses across stages through escalating enemy numbers, faster movement speeds, and more aggressive attack patterns, including coordinated dives and boss-like encounters with oversized enemy vessels that require multiple hits to defeat.[2] Operators can adjust baseline difficulty via cabinet settings for varied arcade experiences. The game ends upon depletion of all lives, with no finite win condition; instead, high scores are achieved by surviving as many continuous stages as possible.[1]Stages and enemies
Radar Scope consists of 23 stages, each structured around waves of 48 enemy ships that appear in formations at the top of the screen in a pseudo-3D radar-like perspective, with the player's starship positioned at the bottom defending a central space station. The playfield simulates a radar-like view, emphasizing spatial awareness through pseudo-3D depth, where enemies approach from various distances, creating a sense of layered defense challenges. Players must clear each wave by destroying all enemies before they can damage the central station, with collisions or enemy projectiles directly impacting the player's ship and contributing to a damage meter that slows firing rate if filled. If enemies reach the station, it can be destroyed, leading to loss of life.[1][4] The enemies primarily consist of Gamma Raiders with varying attack patterns, such as firing simple projectiles while swarming or executing ramming maneuvers to flank and assault the station. Enemy behaviors emphasize dynamic aggression within the pseudo-3D environment, where ships detach from the formation at the periphery, dive-bomb toward the bottom, and fire projectiles while maneuvering to avoid return fire. Some variants execute flanking maneuvers to encircle the space station, while others prioritize direct assaults, increasing the demand for vigilance despite the fixed shooter perspective. There are no additional environmental hazards beyond these foes, keeping the focus on combat positioning and timing shots to exploit depth-based scoring—destroying enemies closer to the bottom yields higher points. As stages progress, patterns repeat with escalating intensity, featuring denser formations, faster attack speeds, and more frequent challenging encounters, culminating in the final stage's massive armada assault that tests endurance against overwhelming numbers. Damage from collisions or hits briefly references the overall mechanics, where repeated impacts deplete lives and reset the wave if the station is overwhelmed.[4][12]Development
Design influences
Nintendo's entry into the video game industry was precipitated by the 1973 oil crisis, which increased the cost of plastic manufacturing and strained the company's traditional toy and hanafuda card businesses, prompting a pivot toward electronic entertainment including arcade games.[13][14] This shift built on earlier experiments like the 1977 Color TV-Game series, leading to arcade titles such as Radar Scope in 1979 and Space Firebird in 1980 as key entries in Nintendo's burgeoning coin-op portfolio.[15] Radar Scope drew heavily from established shoot 'em up titles, incorporating fixed-screen shooting mechanics reminiscent of Taito's Space Invaders (1978) while adopting formation-based enemy attacks and vibrant color graphics inspired by Namco's Galaxian (1979).[16][3] To distinguish itself in the crowded shoot 'em up market dominated by such clones, the game introduced a three-dimensional third-person perspective, creating a sense of depth and progression over a gradient background that set it apart from flat, overhead views.[17][18] Development began with prototyping in late 1979, culminating in a Japanese release that December, under the hardware leadership of Masayuki Uemura at Nintendo R&D2, who adapted technologies like high-speed emitter-coupled logic from Galaxian-era systems.[1][12] Shigeru Miyamoto provided early contributions to the game's artwork and character designs, marking one of his initial projects at the company, though the precise extent of his involvement remains noted primarily in retrospective accounts.[19] Hirokazu Tanaka handled sound programming and composition upon joining Nintendo in 1980, pioneering chiptune elements for the title, likely contributing to the international version or late development stages.[20][21]Production challenges
The development of Radar Scope involved significant collaboration between Nintendo and Ikegami Tsushinki, a video equipment manufacturer that handled the core programming and hardware engineering. This partnership presented challenges in aligning Nintendo's creative vision with Ikegami's technical expertise, as Ikegami's developers operated somewhat independently outside Nintendo's offices, potentially complicating communication and iteration.[12][22] Technical hurdles arose in adapting Namco's Galaxian hardware base to realize Nintendo's ambitions for a more visually dynamic shooter. Ikegami co-developed a custom system board featuring RGB color output and a one-point perspective background to create a sense of depth, simulating pseudo-3D effects without advanced processors like those in later systems. This required precise optimization on the Z80 CPU running at 3.072 MHz, with limited 3 KB of RAM constraining sprite handling and animations for the game's enemy formations.[23][12] As Nintendo's early major arcade title, Radar Scope's scope was ambitious, pushing the small team at Nintendo R&D2 and Ikegami to integrate features like multi-stage enemy waves amid constrained resources. Audio integration, led by Hirokazu Tanaka, was limited by the hardware's basic sound capabilities, resulting in simple laser and explosion effects rather than more complex scoring or voice elements.[22] Logistical issues further compounded production, including delays in manufacturing and shipping the units from Japan to the U.S., which stemmed from Nintendo's reliance on Ikegami for hardware fabrication and the challenges of scaling up without in-house production capacity. Pre-release testing relied heavily on in-house sessions at Nintendo and initial placement in Japanese arcades for feedback, with limited opportunities for broader quality control before full rollout.[23][24]Release
Launch in Japan
Radar Scope was released in Japan in December 1979.[25][1] The game marked Nintendo's push into the competitive shoot 'em up genre, leveraging the company's established arcade distribution network for direct rollout to operators across the country.[2] Marketing efforts emphasized the game's advanced mechanics, positioning it as a sophisticated shooter with pseudo-3D visuals achieved through dynamic radar line effects that guided projectiles and enemy movements. Demos were showcased at key Tokyo trade shows, including the Amusement Machines Show, where the cabinets' striking red upright design—with spaceship artwork and illuminated marquee—drew attention from operators and players alike. These promotions highlighted the title's fast-paced action and scoring system, appealing to enthusiasts seeking the next evolution in arcade shooters.[26] The launch received strong initial reception in Japanese arcades, where Radar Scope quickly gained traction by capitalizing on the shoot 'em up boom ignited by Taito's Space Invaders in 1978. Critics and players praised its innovative presentation and challenging gameplay, contributing to robust early sales that solidified Nintendo's reputation in the genre.[13] While the standard upright cabinet dominated deployments due to its versatility in high-traffic venues, Nintendo produced limited variants including cocktail tables suited for smaller locations and enclosed environmental cabinets for enhanced immersion. This launch occurred against the backdrop of Japan's rapidly expanding arcade culture in the early 1980s, where coin-operated machines had become a social staple following the Space Invaders phenomenon.[1]North American distribution
Nintendo of America launched Radar Scope in the United States in November 1980, seeking to capitalize on the arcade boom following the game's success in Japan. Optimistic about replicating that performance, the company imported 3,000 cabinets from Japan for distribution across major arcades.[27] The distribution strategy emphasized rapid placement in high-traffic locations amid intense competition from titles like Pac-Man, Galaxian, and Asteroids, which dominated operator preferences. Nintendo operated independently without licensing to a U.S. manufacturer, handling imports and sales directly.[25] Several logistical challenges hindered the rollout, including high shipping costs from Japan and the burden of storing unsold inventory in warehouses. The game, perceived as an outdated Space Invaders-style shooter, struggled to attract operators in a market favoring more novel experiences.[25] Ultimately, only about 1,000 units sold, leaving roughly 2,000 warehoused and exacerbating Nintendo of America's financial strain, which necessitated urgent corrective actions.[27]Reception and legacy
Commercial performance
Radar Scope achieved moderate success in Japan following its initial release there in December 1979, where it performed well enough to prompt Nintendo to expand internationally. Globally, Nintendo produced around 3,000 cabinets, with the majority finding buyers in the Japanese market. However, the game flopped in North America upon its November 1980 launch, selling fewer than 1,000 units out of the 3,000 shipped to the U.S., leaving nearly 2,000 cabinets unsold in a New Jersey warehouse. This poor performance stemmed from the oversaturated U.S. arcade market in 1980, where Radar Scope—a Space Invaders-style shooter—competed against established hits like Pac-Man, which dominated operator placements and player attention.[13] The commercial failure exacerbated financial pressures on Nintendo of America, contributing to a company-wide crisis in 1981 that nearly led to bankruptcy for the subsidiary. With thousands of unsold units representing a substantial inventory loss, Nintendo faced the risk of folding its North American operations amid mounting debts from overambitious expansion.[28] To salvage the situation, Nintendo converted approximately 2,000 unsold Radar Scope cabinets into hardware for the new game Donkey Kong, a process handled manually by the small U.S. team and completed in time for the title's July 1981 release.[28] This repurposing not only recouped the lost investment but propelled Donkey Kong to massive success, generating over $280 million in revenue for Nintendo by 1983 through arcade sales and licensing.[28] In the long term, the windfall from Donkey Kong—directly enabled by the Radar Scope conversions—provided crucial funding for Nintendo's pivot to home gaming, indirectly supporting the development and 1983 launch of the Famicom console in Japan.[29]Critical assessment and influence
Retrospective analyses have positioned Radar Scope as a significant breakthrough in Nintendo's early arcade efforts, highlighting its solid iteration on space shooter conventions like those in Space Invaders and Galaxian.[13] Modern critics appreciate the contributions of composer Hirokazu "Hip" Tanaka, whose sound design marked one of his first major projects at Nintendo and added atmospheric depth to the game's alien invasion theme.[30] Shigeru Miyamoto also assisted in the art production, providing early experience that informed his later iconic designs.[31] The game's legacy lies in its role as a pivotal failure that catalyzed Nintendo's entry into the American market, as unsold cabinets were repurposed for Donkey Kong, which rescued the company from financial peril and established its global arcade presence.[28] Its pseudo-3D perspective was similar to that seen in subsequent shooters, such as Konami's Juno First in 1983, which featured a comparable tilted viewpoint for vertical scrolling action. Preservation efforts have relied on community-driven emulation, with Radar Scope fully supported in the Multiple Arcade Machine Emulator (MAME), allowing accurate playback of its original hardware behaviors on modern systems. No official ports or re-releases have been made available by Nintendo as of November 2025, though recent hardware restoration projects, such as modifications to restore missing speech synthesis on TRS-2 boardsets, demonstrate ongoing enthusiast interest in maintaining playable originals, including adaptations for JAMMA compatibility.[32]References
- https://strategywiki.org/wiki/Radar_Scope
- https://strategywiki.org/wiki/Space_Firebird