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Rayonnant

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Rayonnant

Rayonnant was a very refined style of Gothic Architecture which appeared in France in the 13th century. It was the defining style of the High Gothic period, and is often described as the high point of French Gothic architecture. French architects turned their attention from building cathedrals of greater size and height towards bringing greater light into the cathedral interiors and adding more extensive decoration. The architects made the vertical columns and supports thinner, made extensive use of pinnacles and mouldings. They combined the triforium gallery and the clerestory into single space and filled it with stained glass. They made extensive use of mouldings and bar tracery to decorate the exteriors and interiors.

Among the most prominent features of the Rayonnant style were the enormous rose windows installed in the transepts and facades, made possible by the use of bar tracery. The design of the windows gave the name Rayonnant ("Radiant") to the style.

The style was developed in the major reconstruction of the Abbey of Saint-Denis (1231) The first major church built in the new style was Amiens Cathedral (1220–1271). Later examples include Sainte-Chapelle, the royal chapel of King Louis IX of France (1248); the new north and south transepts of Notre Dame de Paris (1250–1270), and the church of Saint-Urbain de Troyes (1262).

Rayonnant cathedrals soon appeared outside of France. One of the first was Cologne Cathedral, begun in 1248. After an interruption from 1528 to 1832, the cathedral was completed in 1880. The style also spread to England with the construction of Westminster Abbey after 1245; it was amalgamated with other elements of English Gothic Architecture to form the Decorated style.

After the mid-14th century, Rayonnant was succeeded by the more ornate Flamboyant style.

Rayonnant (French pronunciation: [ʁɛjɔnɑ̃]) style is the third of the four phases of Gothic architecture in France, as defined by French scholars. It succeeded Classic Gothic, the style of Bourges, Chartres and Reims.

In the English division of Continental Gothic into three phases (Early, High, Late Gothic), it is the second and larger part of High Gothic.

After the mid-14th century, Rayonnant was gradually replaced by the more ornate and highly decorated Flamboyant style.

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