Rujm

Rujm (Arabic: رجم, rûjm; p. rûjûm) is an Arabic word that appears as an element in numerous place names. It can be translated as 'mound, cairn, hill, spur', and also as 'stone heap' or 'tumulus'.^[1]^[2] The following is a list of place names that include Rujm as an element:

Kanân Rujm Kûddâh, "the peaks of the cairn of the potter", or of "the flint stone for striking fir"^[3]
Khirbat er Rujm, "the ruin of the stone heap"^[4]
Rujm Abu Ḥashabe^[5]
Rujm Abu Helal, "the cairn of Abu Helal"^[6]
Rujm Abu Meheir (Rujm Abu Muheir), "the cairn of Abu Meheir"^[6]^[7]
Rujm Abu Shuweikeh, "the cairn of the thistles"^[6]
Rujm Abu Zumeiter, "the cairn of Abu Zumeiter"^[6]
Rujm Afâneh, "the cairn of rottenness"^[6]
Rujm el 'Ajamy, "the cairn of the Persian"^[6]
Rujm 'Alei, "the cairn of the high place"^[6]
Rujm 'Atîyeh, "the cairn of 'Atiyeh"^[6]
Rujm el 'Azâzimeh, "the cairn of the Azazimeh Arabs"^[6]
Rujm el Bahr, "the cairn of the sea";^[6] a site by the name is on the Dead Sea shore near Jericho
Rujm el Bakarah "the cairn of the cow"^[6]
Rujm el Bârish, "the cairn of the ground covered with variegated herbiage"^[6]
Rujm Bâruk, "the cairn of Baruk"^[6]
Rujm Beni Yasser, "rujm of the sons of Yasser" (a fortlet of Nabataean origin)^[8]^[9]
Rujm Birjis (on the Kerak plateau)^[10]
Rujm ed Debbâbeh, "the cairn of the moveable hut"^[6]
Rujm ed Deir, "the cairn of the monastery"^[6]
Rujm ed Derbi, "the cairn of the roadster"^[6]
Rujm edh Dhib, "the cairn of the wolf"^[6]
Rujm ed Dîr^[11]
Rujm ed Dûribeh, "the cairn of the little road"^[6]
Rujm el Fahjeh, "the cairn of el Fahjeh"^[6]
Rujm el-Farideyyeh^[12]
Rujm Heleiseh, "the cairn of the verdure"^[6]
Rujm Handhal, "the cairn of colocynth"^[6]
Rujm el Heik, "the cairn of the spindle"^[6]
Rujm el-Hamiri, (southeast of Hebron)^[13]
Rujm al-Henu, (Jordan)^[14]
Rujm el Heri, (southeast of Madaba)^[15]
Rujm el-Hiri, "the stone heap of the wild cat"^[2]
Rujm el Humeitah, "the cairn of the mountain fig"^[6]
Rujm el Hummûs, "the cairn of the chick-pea"^[6]
Rujm el Humra, "the red cairn"^[6]
Rujm Ibn Basma, "the cairn of Ibn Basma"^[6]
Rujm Jemảh, "the cairn of the gathering"^[16]
Rujm Jîz, "the cairn on the valley side"^[6]
Rujm Jureideh, "the cairn of the troop"^[6]
Rujm el Kahakîr, "the cairn of the stone heaps"^[6]
Rujm el Kandôl, "the cairn of the thorn tree"^[6]
Rujm el-Khadar^[17]
Rujm el Kherâzmîyeh, "the cairn of the Kharezinians"^[6]
Rujm el Khiâri, "the cairn of the cucumber"^[6]
Rujm el Kurrât, "the stone of the attacks"^[6]
Rujm Kuteit, "the cairn of the cat" or "the cairn of the crag"^[6]
Rujm el Lukâr, "the cairn of Lukâr"^[6]
Rujm Al-Malfouf, "circular towers"^[18]
Rujm (el Mehawâfet) el Kibliyyeh, "the southern cairn (of the boundary)"^[6]
Rujm (el Mehawâfet) esh Shemaliyyeh, "the northern cairn (of the boundary)"^[6]
Rujm el-Merih, (a Nabataean or Late Roman era watchtower located 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) south of Lajjun)^[19]
Rujm el-Meshreferh (in Jordan, associated with Mizpah)^[20]
Rujm el Mogheifir, "the cairn of the pardoned"^[6]
Rujm el Mutukh, "the cairn of the debris"^[6]
Rujm en Nâkeh, (Rujm en-Naqa) "the cairn of the she-camel"^[6]^[21]
Rujm en Niâs, "the cairn of en Niyâs^[6]
Rujm en Nûeita, "the cairn of the sailors"^[6]
Rujm en Nūkb, "the cairn of the pass"^[6]
Rujm er Refeif, "the glittering cairn"^[6]
Rujm Reheif, "the sharp-pointed cairn"^[6]
Rujm Reiya, "the cairn of quenching thirst", or "the cairn of sweet fragrance"^[6]
Rujm es S'â, "the cairn of the tax-gatherers"^[6]
Rujm es Sâîgh (Rujm as-Sayigh), "the cairn of the goldsmith"^[6]^[22]
Rujm es-Sebit^[23]
Rujm ash Shami
Rujm ash Shara'irah
Rujm esh Sheikh Suleimân, "the cairn of Sheikh Suleimân"^[6]
Rujm Shummer, "the cairn of wild fennel"^[6]
Rujm es Sûeif, "the cairn of the little sword"^[6]
Rujm at Tarûd, "the cairn of the projection", or "the cairn of the prominent peak"^[6]
Rujm Umm el 'Arâis, "the cairn of the mother of brides"^[6]
Rujm Umm Kheir, "the cairn of Umm Kheir"^[6]
Rujm Umm es Sata, "the cairn of the mother of the assault"^[6]
Rujm el Waîr, "the cairn of rugged rocks"^[6]
Rujm el Yaklûm, "the cairn of Yaklûm"^[6]
Rujm az-Zuwaira (in Zuwaira al-Fauqa, or Upper Zohar)^[24]
Rŭjûm el Behîmeh, "the cairns of the beast"^[16]
Rujûm Umm Kharrûbeh, "the cairns by the locust tree" (Ceratonia siliqua)^[16] (or, "the cairns of the mother of the carob tree")

References

^ Mann, 2005, p. 139.
^ ^a ^b Negev and Gibson, 2005, p. 518.
^ Stewardson, 1888, p. 100.
^ Stewardson, 1888, p. 118.
^ Carter, 1999, p. 329.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be PEF et al., 1838, p. 195.
^ Talbert, 2000, p. 1080.
^ Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. xix.
^ Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. 294.
^ Lapp, Schaub and Rast, 1989, p. 90.
^ Stewardson, 1888, p. 56.
^ Talbert, 2000, p. 1089.
^ Magness, 2004, p. 28.
^ Heinzeller and Nebelsick, 2004, p. 464.
^ "Rujm el Heri". Structural. WorldCityDB.com. Retrieved 2009-08-25.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ^a ^b ^c Stewardson, 1888, p. 136.
^ Carter, 1999, p. 209.
^ McGovern and Brown, 1986, p. 9.
^ Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. xviii.
^ Walton et al., 2000, p. 313.
^ Shatzman, 1991, p. 60.
^ Pringle, 1997, p. 9.
^ Carter, 1999, p. 192.
^ Pringle, 1997, p. 118.

Bibliography

Carter, Charles E. (1999). The emergence of Yehud in the Persian period: a social and demographic study (Illustrated ed.). Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-84127-012-8.
Lapp, Paul W.; Schaub, R. Thomas; Rast, Walter E. (1989). Bāb edh-Dhrāʻ: excavations in the cemetery directed by Paul W. Lapp (1965-67). EISENBRAUNS. ISBN 978-0-931464-51-5.
Heinzeller, Thomas; Nebelsick, J. H. (2004). Echinoderms: München (Illustrated ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-415-36481-2.
Magness, Jodi (2004). Debating Qumran: collected essays on its archaeology (Illustrated, annotated ed.). Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-429-1314-1.
Mann, Joel F. (2005). An international glossary of place name elements. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5040-8.
McGovern, Patrick E.; Brown, Robin (1986). The late bronze and early iron ages of central Transjordan, the Baqʻah Valley project, 1977-1981 (Illustrated ed.). UPenn Museum of Archaeology. ISBN 978-0-934718-75-2.
Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon (2005). Archaeological encyclopedia of the Holy Land (4th, revised, illustrated ed.). Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-8571-7.
Parker, Samuel Thomas; Betlyon, John Wilson (2006). The Roman frontier in central Jordan: final report on the Limes Arabicus Project, 1980-1989 (Illustrated ed.). Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-298-5.
Pringle, D. (1997). Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological gazetteer, Part 183 (Illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-46010-1.
Shatzman, Israel (1991). The armies of the Hasmonaeans and Herod: from Hellenistic to Roman frameworks. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-16-145617-6.
Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF); Stewardson, Henry C. (1838). The Survey of Western Palestine. Printed for the Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund by Harrison & Sons.
Stewardson, Henry C. (1888). The Survey of Western Palestine: A General Index (Electronic edition, 2005 ed.).^[1]
Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000). Barrington atlas of the Greek and Roman world: map-by-map directory, Volume 1 (Illustrated ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-04945-8.
Walton, John H.; Matthews, Victor Harold; Chavalas, Mark William (2000). The IVP Bible background commentary: Old Testament (6th, illustrated ed.). InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-1419-0.

^ Henry C. Stewardson (Editor) Palestine Exploration Fund The Survey of Western Palestine: A General Index to 1. The Memoirs ..., Volume 1 at Google Books

[Mannp139-1] Mann, 2005, p. 139.

[Negevp518-2] Negev and Gibson, 2005, p. 518.

[Stewardsonp100-3] Stewardson, 1888, p. 100.

[Stewardsonp118-4] Stewardson, 1888, p. 118.

[Carterp329-5] Carter, 1999, p. 329.

[PEFp135-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be PEF et al., 1838, p. 195.

[Talbertp1080-7] Talbert, 2000, p. 1080.

[Parkerpxix-8] Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. xix.

[Parkerp294-9] Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. 294.

[Lappp90-10] Lapp, Schaub and Rast, 1989, p. 90.

[Stewardsonp56-11] Stewardson, 1888, p. 56.

[Talbertp1089-12] Talbert, 2000, p. 1089.

[Magnessp28-13] Magness, 2004, p. 28.

[Heinzellerp464-14] Heinzeller and Nebelsick, 2004, p. 464.

[WD-15] "Rujm el Heri". Structural. WorldCityDB.com. Retrieved 2009-08-25.^{[permanent dead link]}

[Stewardsonp136-16] Stewardson, 1888, p. 136.

[Carterp209-17] Carter, 1999, p. 209.

[McGovernp9-18] McGovern and Brown, 1986, p. 9.

[Parkerpxviii-19] Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. xviii.

[Waltonp313-20] Walton et al., 2000, p. 313.

[Shatzmanp60-21] Shatzman, 1991, p. 60.

[Pringlep9-22] Pringle, 1997, p. 9.

[Carterp192-23] Carter, 1999, p. 192.

[Pringlep118-24] Pringle, 1997, p. 118.

[25] Henry C. Stewardson (Editor) Palestine Exploration Fund The Survey of Western Palestine: A General Index to 1. The Memoirs ..., Volume 1 at Google Books

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