Community hub
Recent from talks
Knowledge base stats:
Talk channels stats:
Members stats:
History of the Internet in Russia
The Russian internet (also known as the runet) is a part of the Internet with its main content in Russian. According to data from August 2019 and studies conducted by W3Techs, 6.5% of the 10 million most popular Internet sites in the world use Russian. In 2013, according to these studies, the Russian language became the second most used on the Internet after English.
In the USSR, the first computer networks appeared in the 1950s in missile defense system at Sary Shagan (first they were tested in Moscow at Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering). 1957 Sputnik crisis contributed to development of computer networks both in USSR and USA. The Sputnik-1 online trajectory digital data was collected at 70 tracking stations, transmitted binarily via telegraph and then calculated at the Computing Centre of the Academy of Sciences. In the 1960s, the massive computer network project called OGAS was proposed but failed to be implemented, though stimulating development of pack of structures such as Gosplan Computing Centre established in 1959. Apollo–Soyuz USA–USSR joint space program (1972–1975) used digital data for spaceships monitoring and control and they were transmitted between participating countries via satellite links that were connected to ground networks consisting of nodes such as Star City, Russia and Houston space center. The Apollo–Soyuz 1975 flight paths were monitored and digitally processed by Soviet missile defense military programmers.
Since 1972, Sirena and Express computer networks began nationwide operations connecting thousands of airline and railroad cash offices all over the country provided with keyboards, displays and printers for tickets. Later on, since the late 1970s, x.25 Soviet networks began to appear and Akademset emerged in Leningrad in 1978. By 1982 VNIIPAS institute was created in Moscow to serve as Akademset's central node. The connection was established in 1978 over X.25 permanent digital ground copper cable connection to IIASA in Laxenburg, Austria providing 9600 baud link which was divided by 4800 baud between USSR and middle-lying ČSSR (that allowed access to other worldwide networks). In 1983, VNIIPAS, together with the US government, Joel Schatz, Don Carlson, Michael Kleeman, and Chet Watson, created a Soviet X.25 service provider called SFMT ("San Francisco — Moscow Teleport") that later became Sovam Teleport ("Soviet-American Teleport"). VNIIPAS also provided X.25 services, including over satellite, to Eastern bloc countries together with Mongolia, Cuba and Vietnam.
At the time, Western users of Usenet were generally unaware of that, and considered such networking in USSR nonexistent, so one of them on April 1, 1984, made an April fools' hoax about "Kremvax" ("Kremlin VAX") that gained some popularity for subsequent years. In 1988, John Draper after a visit in the USSR wrote an Usenet summarizing message saying that he discovered developed digital culture within Soviet users of computers. The first recorded Usenet message from USSR dates 26.12.1989. Later the USSR nominally joined the private Fidonet network in October 1990 when the first node of Region 50 appeared in Novosibirsk. Some of the early Soviet/Russian networks were also initiated as parts of BITNET.
Sovam Teleport is a Russian telecommunications company that was founded in 1990. The company was established as a joint venture of the San Francisco Moscow Teleport (SFMT) network and the All-Russian Research Institute of Automated Application Systems (ВНИИПАС). The name stands for "SOViet-AMerican Teleport".
San Francisco Moscow Teleport (SFMT) was launched in 1983 by and Joel Schatz with the support of the US government. Californian modem node of SFMT was permanently connected to VNIIPAS/IIASA trans-country copper digital line existing since 1978 and established by future VNIIPAS director Oleg Smirnov. It was a non-profit project with a goal to expand the Internet to the USSR. In 1986, the project changed its status and became a commercial enterprise, with financing from George Soros added in 1988. The All-Russian Research Institute of Automated Application Systems provided a data transmission network with some countries in Eastern Europe, as well as Cuba, Mongolia, and Vietnam, almost all of the data traffic was scientific and technical information, and in 1983 organized a non-state email network. By the beginning of the 1990s, almost half of the VNII traffic amounted to operational data from electronic mail systems.
The New York Times newspaper on February 19, 1989 on its first page published article "New Satellite Channel Opens Computer Link to the Soviets" by John Markoff that highlighted VNIIPAS/IIASA/Sovam network development with adding of Tymnet and Sprint satellite nodes at Central Telegraph.
The company's first network was built on the X.25 protocol in 1990. In 1992, Sovam Teleport began to build a UUCP mail and terminal access system through American servers. Johnson & Johnson, Coca-Cola, DuPont, Estee Lauder, Time magazine, and France Presse were among the first corporate clients of the company. Since 1992, the British company Cable & Wireless, which has its own fiber-optic channels in Europe, has become the third co-founder of the company. On June 4, 1992, the company was re-registered as a limited liability partnership, and all three co-founders - Cable & Wireless, All-Russian Research Institute of Automated Application Systems and SFMT - received almost equal shares. On July 28, 1993, a communications center in Tashkent began servicing customers. The provider domain sovam.com, which opened on February 24, 1994, became the first public Internet site in Russia.
Hub AI
History of the Internet in Russia AI simulator
(@History of the Internet in Russia_simulator)
History of the Internet in Russia
The Russian internet (also known as the runet) is a part of the Internet with its main content in Russian. According to data from August 2019 and studies conducted by W3Techs, 6.5% of the 10 million most popular Internet sites in the world use Russian. In 2013, according to these studies, the Russian language became the second most used on the Internet after English.
In the USSR, the first computer networks appeared in the 1950s in missile defense system at Sary Shagan (first they were tested in Moscow at Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering). 1957 Sputnik crisis contributed to development of computer networks both in USSR and USA. The Sputnik-1 online trajectory digital data was collected at 70 tracking stations, transmitted binarily via telegraph and then calculated at the Computing Centre of the Academy of Sciences. In the 1960s, the massive computer network project called OGAS was proposed but failed to be implemented, though stimulating development of pack of structures such as Gosplan Computing Centre established in 1959. Apollo–Soyuz USA–USSR joint space program (1972–1975) used digital data for spaceships monitoring and control and they were transmitted between participating countries via satellite links that were connected to ground networks consisting of nodes such as Star City, Russia and Houston space center. The Apollo–Soyuz 1975 flight paths were monitored and digitally processed by Soviet missile defense military programmers.
Since 1972, Sirena and Express computer networks began nationwide operations connecting thousands of airline and railroad cash offices all over the country provided with keyboards, displays and printers for tickets. Later on, since the late 1970s, x.25 Soviet networks began to appear and Akademset emerged in Leningrad in 1978. By 1982 VNIIPAS institute was created in Moscow to serve as Akademset's central node. The connection was established in 1978 over X.25 permanent digital ground copper cable connection to IIASA in Laxenburg, Austria providing 9600 baud link which was divided by 4800 baud between USSR and middle-lying ČSSR (that allowed access to other worldwide networks). In 1983, VNIIPAS, together with the US government, Joel Schatz, Don Carlson, Michael Kleeman, and Chet Watson, created a Soviet X.25 service provider called SFMT ("San Francisco — Moscow Teleport") that later became Sovam Teleport ("Soviet-American Teleport"). VNIIPAS also provided X.25 services, including over satellite, to Eastern bloc countries together with Mongolia, Cuba and Vietnam.
At the time, Western users of Usenet were generally unaware of that, and considered such networking in USSR nonexistent, so one of them on April 1, 1984, made an April fools' hoax about "Kremvax" ("Kremlin VAX") that gained some popularity for subsequent years. In 1988, John Draper after a visit in the USSR wrote an Usenet summarizing message saying that he discovered developed digital culture within Soviet users of computers. The first recorded Usenet message from USSR dates 26.12.1989. Later the USSR nominally joined the private Fidonet network in October 1990 when the first node of Region 50 appeared in Novosibirsk. Some of the early Soviet/Russian networks were also initiated as parts of BITNET.
Sovam Teleport is a Russian telecommunications company that was founded in 1990. The company was established as a joint venture of the San Francisco Moscow Teleport (SFMT) network and the All-Russian Research Institute of Automated Application Systems (ВНИИПАС). The name stands for "SOViet-AMerican Teleport".
San Francisco Moscow Teleport (SFMT) was launched in 1983 by and Joel Schatz with the support of the US government. Californian modem node of SFMT was permanently connected to VNIIPAS/IIASA trans-country copper digital line existing since 1978 and established by future VNIIPAS director Oleg Smirnov. It was a non-profit project with a goal to expand the Internet to the USSR. In 1986, the project changed its status and became a commercial enterprise, with financing from George Soros added in 1988. The All-Russian Research Institute of Automated Application Systems provided a data transmission network with some countries in Eastern Europe, as well as Cuba, Mongolia, and Vietnam, almost all of the data traffic was scientific and technical information, and in 1983 organized a non-state email network. By the beginning of the 1990s, almost half of the VNII traffic amounted to operational data from electronic mail systems.
The New York Times newspaper on February 19, 1989 on its first page published article "New Satellite Channel Opens Computer Link to the Soviets" by John Markoff that highlighted VNIIPAS/IIASA/Sovam network development with adding of Tymnet and Sprint satellite nodes at Central Telegraph.
The company's first network was built on the X.25 protocol in 1990. In 1992, Sovam Teleport began to build a UUCP mail and terminal access system through American servers. Johnson & Johnson, Coca-Cola, DuPont, Estee Lauder, Time magazine, and France Presse were among the first corporate clients of the company. Since 1992, the British company Cable & Wireless, which has its own fiber-optic channels in Europe, has become the third co-founder of the company. On June 4, 1992, the company was re-registered as a limited liability partnership, and all three co-founders - Cable & Wireless, All-Russian Research Institute of Automated Application Systems and SFMT - received almost equal shares. On July 28, 1993, a communications center in Tashkent began servicing customers. The provider domain sovam.com, which opened on February 24, 1994, became the first public Internet site in Russia.