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Sary Shagan

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Sary Shagan

Sary Shagan (Russian: Сары-Шаган; Kazakh: Сарышаған) is an anti-ballistic missile testing range located in Kazakhstan.

On 17 August 1956 the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union authorized plans for an experimental facility for missile defence located at Sary Shagan, on the west bank of Lake Balkhash. The first missile launched from the facility was a V-1000 on 16 October 1958, but the facilities for full-scale testing were not ready until 1961. Sary Shagan remains in use, with the latest known launch on 2 December 2022. The town of Sary Shagan was a closed city until 2005. The administrative centre, Priozersk remained a closed city. [citation needed]

The length of the site is 480 km.

The Sary Shagan range was the intended landing site for the sample return canister of the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission.

The first and only one in Eurasia test site for the development and testing of anti-missile weapons. In USSR, the official name of the test site was State Research and Testing Site No. 10 USSR Ministry of Defense. The test site occupied 81,200 km2 (including 49,200 km2 in the Karaganda region Kazakh SSR).

The construction of the test site and the city began in 1956 in connection with the development of a missile defense system called System A. The main criteria for selecting a site for the test site, like when creating the Kapustin Yar and NIIP-5 rocket ranges (Baikonur), were the presence of sparsely populated lowland woodland, a large number of cloudless days, and the lack of valuable farmland. Marshal Nedelin recalled:

This is a very harsh desert region, uninhabited, unsuitable for grazing flocks. Stony barren and waterless desert. But the main dwelling of the missile defense ground can be tied to Lake Balkhash. It has fresh, though harsh, water, and the town will be blissful if you can apply this word to the desert.

— Kisunko GV Secret zone: Confession of the general designer. – M.: Sovremennik, 1996.

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