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Scytodes
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Scytodes
Scytodes is a genus of spitting spiders that occur all around the world, with the most widely distributed species being Scytodes thoracica, originally having a palearctic distribution but has since been introduced to North America, Argentina, India, Australia, Asia and New Zealand.
Individuals of the genus are generally characterized by their predominant pale yellow coloration and black markings on their cephalothorax compounded with long, thin hairless legs with black bands.
Like other spitting spiders, they do not build a traditional web to catch prey, but instead spit a fluid on their prey that congeals on contact into a venomous and sticky mass.
The first species of the genus was first described by Pierre André Latreille as Aranea thoraica in 1802 through "Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes" until the genus was later reclassified by Jean Victor Audouin as Scytodes in 1826.
The genus exhibits sexual dimorphism. Males range in size from 3.5 to 4 mm while females are slightly larger, from 4 to 4.5 mm. Spitting spiders have pale yellow bodies with black spots on their wide cephalothorax, and legs characterized by black bands. Scytodes species have three paired eyes for a total of six eyes. Their legs are long, slender, and have small claws attached to the chelicerae.
Scytodes species are mainly nocturnal and typically do not live in webs with the exception of some tropical species, such as Scytodes longpipes. The web, however, is not used for catching prey. Instead, Scytodes species live under rocks, in crevices and can even be found living in human infrastructures.
Similar to other arachnids, Scytodes species occupy a vital role as secondary consumers (although some species, such as S. thoracica have been known to exhibit behaviour of tertiary consumers as they have been known to hunt other spiders) and work to control the populations of prey items in their habitats.
Scytodes has a near-global distribution, being present on almost every continent excluding Antarctica. The majority of species within Europe and the Mediterranean are distributed around the 45th parallel. Scytodes enjoys a sizable presence in Asia, Oceania and North America but extremely limited presence in Africa and South America.
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Scytodes
Scytodes is a genus of spitting spiders that occur all around the world, with the most widely distributed species being Scytodes thoracica, originally having a palearctic distribution but has since been introduced to North America, Argentina, India, Australia, Asia and New Zealand.
Individuals of the genus are generally characterized by their predominant pale yellow coloration and black markings on their cephalothorax compounded with long, thin hairless legs with black bands.
Like other spitting spiders, they do not build a traditional web to catch prey, but instead spit a fluid on their prey that congeals on contact into a venomous and sticky mass.
The first species of the genus was first described by Pierre André Latreille as Aranea thoraica in 1802 through "Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes" until the genus was later reclassified by Jean Victor Audouin as Scytodes in 1826.
The genus exhibits sexual dimorphism. Males range in size from 3.5 to 4 mm while females are slightly larger, from 4 to 4.5 mm. Spitting spiders have pale yellow bodies with black spots on their wide cephalothorax, and legs characterized by black bands. Scytodes species have three paired eyes for a total of six eyes. Their legs are long, slender, and have small claws attached to the chelicerae.
Scytodes species are mainly nocturnal and typically do not live in webs with the exception of some tropical species, such as Scytodes longpipes. The web, however, is not used for catching prey. Instead, Scytodes species live under rocks, in crevices and can even be found living in human infrastructures.
Similar to other arachnids, Scytodes species occupy a vital role as secondary consumers (although some species, such as S. thoracica have been known to exhibit behaviour of tertiary consumers as they have been known to hunt other spiders) and work to control the populations of prey items in their habitats.
Scytodes has a near-global distribution, being present on almost every continent excluding Antarctica. The majority of species within Europe and the Mediterranean are distributed around the 45th parallel. Scytodes enjoys a sizable presence in Asia, Oceania and North America but extremely limited presence in Africa and South America.
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