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Second Assault of Dellys
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Second Assault of Dellys
The Second Assault of Dellys was an assault by French troupes coloniales under General Thomas Robert Bugeaud (1784–1849) against the Algerian resistance fighters in the town of Dellys, Kabylia of the Igawawen. It was part of the French conquest of Algeria and took place in April–May 1844.
During combat against Algerian resistance fighters, Marshal Bugeaud, whose military efforts were mainly focused on the pursuit of Emir Abdelkader (in the Titteri massif south of Mitidja first, and then in the region of Orania), could not ignore that Algiers was threatened in the east by independent tribes singularly close together in a mountainous region called Kabylia.
By the fall of 1842, Bugeaud had conquered the region surrounding Oued Sebaou, the administration of which he had handed over to the loyal Khalifa Madani bin Mahieddine. His management was often disturbed by the independent Kabyles tribes in the neighborhood who obeyed Khalifa Ahmed bin Salem, subservient to Emir Abdelkader, who had taken refuge in the mountains of Khachna and Djurdjura.
Dellys, about 90 km (56 mi) along the coast from Algiers, had not submitted to French colonial power. This prompted Marshal Bugeaud to plan a military campaign against the strategic location on the Algerian coast.
Marshal Bugeaud preceded this conquering expedition of Dellys by a proclamation on 14 April 1844 addressed to the chiefs and marabouts of the seven Kabyle tribes east of the Col des Beni Aïcha and the Issers. The seven tribes targeted by this ultimatum were the Flissas, Amraouas, Beni Khalfoun, Nezliouas, Gechtoulas, Ouled El Aziz and Harchaouas. This proclamation summoned the Kabyles to submit to the French, for the Algerian country once ruled by Emir Abdelkader, was now and henceforth dominated by colonial France, and that these mountain tribes were the only ones who had not yet manifested themselves by joining the French government.
The Marshal told them that he could have conquered Kabylia with a strong army a long time ago, but he had not done so because he wanted to give them time to think about it and opt for surrender. He ordered them to submit to the French and immediately drive out the khalifa Ahmed bin Salem from the Kabyle mountains unless he came to ask for and receive mercy from the French king. Bugeaud reprimanded them for not having taken any account of his previous warnings, and not having approached the French through their neighbors, Issers and Khachna. He reminded them that they had welcomed the rebel Ahmed bin Salem into their home with what was left of his regular troop, despite their complaints that he had brought theft, raid, and murder since he had settled in Kabylia. Bugeaud reiterated to them that he could not tolerate this state of affairs in Kabylia any longer and that he had decided to conquer this region and to march against these tribes if they did not come to find him at his place in the camp set up on the bank of the Oued Isser to capitulate. The Marshal ordered them to drive Ahmed bin Salem out of their region and submit, otherwise, he would enter their mountains with his soldiers, burn their villages and crops, and cut down their fruit trees in retaliation.
The marabouts of Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif and the other zawiyas immediately summoned all their tribes, the great landowners and the wealthy people who favored submission because they knew that Bugeaud was relentless, and they feared that the whole burden of the war would fall on them. On the contrary, the artisans and farmers demanded war with loud cries, and a middle ground was taken by deciding that before resorting to arms, they would send a letter and request a calling for justice from Governor Bugeaud in Algiers. Bugeaud responded with a new ultimatum dated 21 April 1844 in which he set out his grievances against the Kabyles, whom he summoned immediately to submit or endure the pain of being treated as enemies.
On receipt of this second message of threats, the neighboring Kabyle tribes were summoned to the Flissas, and a devoted national feeling dominated all considerations of particular interest, and it was thus that the Kabyles prepared to fight. The great assembly which had gathered the tribes saw the reading of the second letter of Bugeaud several times, before it was solemnly declared that there was no question of surrendering to the French without having heard the powder of the guns.
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Second Assault of Dellys
The Second Assault of Dellys was an assault by French troupes coloniales under General Thomas Robert Bugeaud (1784–1849) against the Algerian resistance fighters in the town of Dellys, Kabylia of the Igawawen. It was part of the French conquest of Algeria and took place in April–May 1844.
During combat against Algerian resistance fighters, Marshal Bugeaud, whose military efforts were mainly focused on the pursuit of Emir Abdelkader (in the Titteri massif south of Mitidja first, and then in the region of Orania), could not ignore that Algiers was threatened in the east by independent tribes singularly close together in a mountainous region called Kabylia.
By the fall of 1842, Bugeaud had conquered the region surrounding Oued Sebaou, the administration of which he had handed over to the loyal Khalifa Madani bin Mahieddine. His management was often disturbed by the independent Kabyles tribes in the neighborhood who obeyed Khalifa Ahmed bin Salem, subservient to Emir Abdelkader, who had taken refuge in the mountains of Khachna and Djurdjura.
Dellys, about 90 km (56 mi) along the coast from Algiers, had not submitted to French colonial power. This prompted Marshal Bugeaud to plan a military campaign against the strategic location on the Algerian coast.
Marshal Bugeaud preceded this conquering expedition of Dellys by a proclamation on 14 April 1844 addressed to the chiefs and marabouts of the seven Kabyle tribes east of the Col des Beni Aïcha and the Issers. The seven tribes targeted by this ultimatum were the Flissas, Amraouas, Beni Khalfoun, Nezliouas, Gechtoulas, Ouled El Aziz and Harchaouas. This proclamation summoned the Kabyles to submit to the French, for the Algerian country once ruled by Emir Abdelkader, was now and henceforth dominated by colonial France, and that these mountain tribes were the only ones who had not yet manifested themselves by joining the French government.
The Marshal told them that he could have conquered Kabylia with a strong army a long time ago, but he had not done so because he wanted to give them time to think about it and opt for surrender. He ordered them to submit to the French and immediately drive out the khalifa Ahmed bin Salem from the Kabyle mountains unless he came to ask for and receive mercy from the French king. Bugeaud reprimanded them for not having taken any account of his previous warnings, and not having approached the French through their neighbors, Issers and Khachna. He reminded them that they had welcomed the rebel Ahmed bin Salem into their home with what was left of his regular troop, despite their complaints that he had brought theft, raid, and murder since he had settled in Kabylia. Bugeaud reiterated to them that he could not tolerate this state of affairs in Kabylia any longer and that he had decided to conquer this region and to march against these tribes if they did not come to find him at his place in the camp set up on the bank of the Oued Isser to capitulate. The Marshal ordered them to drive Ahmed bin Salem out of their region and submit, otherwise, he would enter their mountains with his soldiers, burn their villages and crops, and cut down their fruit trees in retaliation.
The marabouts of Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif and the other zawiyas immediately summoned all their tribes, the great landowners and the wealthy people who favored submission because they knew that Bugeaud was relentless, and they feared that the whole burden of the war would fall on them. On the contrary, the artisans and farmers demanded war with loud cries, and a middle ground was taken by deciding that before resorting to arms, they would send a letter and request a calling for justice from Governor Bugeaud in Algiers. Bugeaud responded with a new ultimatum dated 21 April 1844 in which he set out his grievances against the Kabyles, whom he summoned immediately to submit or endure the pain of being treated as enemies.
On receipt of this second message of threats, the neighboring Kabyle tribes were summoned to the Flissas, and a devoted national feeling dominated all considerations of particular interest, and it was thus that the Kabyles prepared to fight. The great assembly which had gathered the tribes saw the reading of the second letter of Bugeaud several times, before it was solemnly declared that there was no question of surrendering to the French without having heard the powder of the guns.
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