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Shenyang J-16
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Shenyang J-16
The Shenyang J-16 (Chinese: 歼-16; pinyin: Jiān-Shíliù), also known as Qianlong (Chinese: 潜龙; pinyin: Qián Lóng; lit. 'Hidden Dragon', NATO reporting name: Flanker-N) is a Chinese all-weather 4.5 generation, tandem-seat, twin-engine, multirole strike fighter built by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation and operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). It is developed from the Shenyang J-11, the licensed production variant of the Russian Sukhoi Su-27. Its design is based on Su-30MKK.
With the development of military aircraft during the turn of the century, the PLAAF found its JH-7 fighters becoming increasingly obsolete. In the 1990s, China purchased Sukhoi Su-27 and Sukhoi Su-30MKK air superiority fighters from Russia, including those license-produced in China as the Shenyang J-11A. The J-11A was further developed into the J-11B single seat and BS twin seat variant with indigenous technology. The J-16 is a strike fighter derived from the J-11BS model.
The J-16 is equipped with an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar and is powered by two Chinese Shenyang WS-10A turbofan engines. Weight is reduced through greater use of composite materials. J-16 units have received radar-absorbent paint to reduce its radar signature, and enhance its suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) capability in conjunction with electronic support measures pods.
The cockpit is fitted with helmet-mounted display (HMD) system to improve pilot's situational awareness.
The electronic warfare version of the fighter, named J-16D, was developed in the 2010s. The aircraft reportedly made its first flight in 2015. J-16D is designed for SEAD, capable of housing internal jamming equipment and carrying various external electronic warfare pods.
According to aviation researcher Justin Bronk of the Royal United Services Institute, J-16 holds advantages over Russian Flanker variants with its wide application of composite materials, longer range missiles, advanced sensors, and avionics. J-16 represents a transition by the Chinese aviation industry away from a past dependence on Russian technology towards developing modern derivatives that are superior to the Russian originals in many aspects. British combat aviation expert Abraham Abrams referred to the J-16 as "by far the world's most advanced [Su-27] Flanker derivative," citing China's major advantages in composite material, radar and missile technologies, as primary facilitators of this. He notes that many of the fighter's technologies are derived from those developed for the J-20 fifth generation fighter.
The Chinese military is developing advanced autonomous capabilities for its combat aircraft. In March 2021, it was reported that a J-16 variant with the backseat co-pilot replaced by an artificial intelligence algorithm called "intelligence victory" (Chinese: 智胜; pinyin: Zhì shèng) was undergoing testing at Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. A similar aircraft was also spotted by satellite image at an experimental test base near Malan, Xinjiang in June 2021.
The J-16 fully replaced the single seat J-11B in production in 2018, with the two classes having been produced in parallel at Shenyang for over half a decade. A small number of twin seat J-11BS trainers remained in production alongside the J-16s into the following years.
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Shenyang J-16
The Shenyang J-16 (Chinese: 歼-16; pinyin: Jiān-Shíliù), also known as Qianlong (Chinese: 潜龙; pinyin: Qián Lóng; lit. 'Hidden Dragon', NATO reporting name: Flanker-N) is a Chinese all-weather 4.5 generation, tandem-seat, twin-engine, multirole strike fighter built by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation and operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). It is developed from the Shenyang J-11, the licensed production variant of the Russian Sukhoi Su-27. Its design is based on Su-30MKK.
With the development of military aircraft during the turn of the century, the PLAAF found its JH-7 fighters becoming increasingly obsolete. In the 1990s, China purchased Sukhoi Su-27 and Sukhoi Su-30MKK air superiority fighters from Russia, including those license-produced in China as the Shenyang J-11A. The J-11A was further developed into the J-11B single seat and BS twin seat variant with indigenous technology. The J-16 is a strike fighter derived from the J-11BS model.
The J-16 is equipped with an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar and is powered by two Chinese Shenyang WS-10A turbofan engines. Weight is reduced through greater use of composite materials. J-16 units have received radar-absorbent paint to reduce its radar signature, and enhance its suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) capability in conjunction with electronic support measures pods.
The cockpit is fitted with helmet-mounted display (HMD) system to improve pilot's situational awareness.
The electronic warfare version of the fighter, named J-16D, was developed in the 2010s. The aircraft reportedly made its first flight in 2015. J-16D is designed for SEAD, capable of housing internal jamming equipment and carrying various external electronic warfare pods.
According to aviation researcher Justin Bronk of the Royal United Services Institute, J-16 holds advantages over Russian Flanker variants with its wide application of composite materials, longer range missiles, advanced sensors, and avionics. J-16 represents a transition by the Chinese aviation industry away from a past dependence on Russian technology towards developing modern derivatives that are superior to the Russian originals in many aspects. British combat aviation expert Abraham Abrams referred to the J-16 as "by far the world's most advanced [Su-27] Flanker derivative," citing China's major advantages in composite material, radar and missile technologies, as primary facilitators of this. He notes that many of the fighter's technologies are derived from those developed for the J-20 fifth generation fighter.
The Chinese military is developing advanced autonomous capabilities for its combat aircraft. In March 2021, it was reported that a J-16 variant with the backseat co-pilot replaced by an artificial intelligence algorithm called "intelligence victory" (Chinese: 智胜; pinyin: Zhì shèng) was undergoing testing at Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. A similar aircraft was also spotted by satellite image at an experimental test base near Malan, Xinjiang in June 2021.
The J-16 fully replaced the single seat J-11B in production in 2018, with the two classes having been produced in parallel at Shenyang for over half a decade. A small number of twin seat J-11BS trainers remained in production alongside the J-16s into the following years.
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