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Simargl
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Simargl
Simargl (also Sěmargl, Semargl) or Sěm and Rgel is an East Slavic god or gods often depicted as a winged dog, mentioned in two sources. The origin and etymology of this/these figure(s) is the subject of considerable debate. The dominant view is to interpret Simargl as a single deity who was borrowed from the Iranian Simurgh. However, this view is criticized, and some researchers propose that the existence of two deities, Sěm and Rgel, should be recognized.
The first source that mentions Simargl is Primary Chronicle, which describes how Vladimir the Great erected statues to Slavic gods in 980:
And Vladimir began to reign alone in Kyiv. And he placed idols on the hill outside the palace: a Perun in wood with a silver head and a gold moustache, and Khors and Dazhbog and Stribog and Simargl and Mokosh. And they offered sacrifices and called them gods, and they took their sons and daughters to them and sacrificed them to the devils. And they profaned the earth with their sacrifices, and Rus’ and that hill were profaned by blood. But God the merciful, who does not wish the death of sinners, on that hill stands today the church of Saint Vasilij, as we will relate later.
In a later text from the second half of the 12th century, Sermon by One Who Loves Christ, Simargl is mentioned as two separate deities, Sěm and Rgel:
[...] being unable to bear Christians who live a double faith and believe in Perun and Khors, Mokosh, Sim and Rgl and in the Vily [...]
The Sermon further states: „Therefore, Christians must not hold demonic festivities, meaning dancing, music and profane songs, and offerings to the idols, who with fire under the fields of sheaves pray to the Vily, to Mokosh, and Sim and Rgl, to Perun, Rod, the Rozhanitsy and all the like.”
In copies of Primary Chronicle, the theonym is written (in the genitive) as Simarĭgla (Laurentian Codex), Sěmarĭgla (Hypatian Codex) and Semarĭgla (Radziwiłł Chronicle). In the Sermon as two separate theonyms: Sima, Rĭgla (genitive) and Sim(o)u, Rĭgl(o)u (dative).
In 1841, Potr Preys proposed that Sim and Rgel be considered characters corresponding, respectively, to the Old Testament Asima and Nergal. This view was supported by Viljo Mansikka. Alexander Famitsin, on the other hand, concluded that Simargl was a corrupted notation that was originally intended to read Sim Yaryl. Vyacheslav Ivanov and Vladimir Toporov originally concluded that the theonym originally sounded *Sedmor(o)-golvъ and meant "seven-headed".
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Simargl
Simargl (also Sěmargl, Semargl) or Sěm and Rgel is an East Slavic god or gods often depicted as a winged dog, mentioned in two sources. The origin and etymology of this/these figure(s) is the subject of considerable debate. The dominant view is to interpret Simargl as a single deity who was borrowed from the Iranian Simurgh. However, this view is criticized, and some researchers propose that the existence of two deities, Sěm and Rgel, should be recognized.
The first source that mentions Simargl is Primary Chronicle, which describes how Vladimir the Great erected statues to Slavic gods in 980:
And Vladimir began to reign alone in Kyiv. And he placed idols on the hill outside the palace: a Perun in wood with a silver head and a gold moustache, and Khors and Dazhbog and Stribog and Simargl and Mokosh. And they offered sacrifices and called them gods, and they took their sons and daughters to them and sacrificed them to the devils. And they profaned the earth with their sacrifices, and Rus’ and that hill were profaned by blood. But God the merciful, who does not wish the death of sinners, on that hill stands today the church of Saint Vasilij, as we will relate later.
In a later text from the second half of the 12th century, Sermon by One Who Loves Christ, Simargl is mentioned as two separate deities, Sěm and Rgel:
[...] being unable to bear Christians who live a double faith and believe in Perun and Khors, Mokosh, Sim and Rgl and in the Vily [...]
The Sermon further states: „Therefore, Christians must not hold demonic festivities, meaning dancing, music and profane songs, and offerings to the idols, who with fire under the fields of sheaves pray to the Vily, to Mokosh, and Sim and Rgl, to Perun, Rod, the Rozhanitsy and all the like.”
In copies of Primary Chronicle, the theonym is written (in the genitive) as Simarĭgla (Laurentian Codex), Sěmarĭgla (Hypatian Codex) and Semarĭgla (Radziwiłł Chronicle). In the Sermon as two separate theonyms: Sima, Rĭgla (genitive) and Sim(o)u, Rĭgl(o)u (dative).
In 1841, Potr Preys proposed that Sim and Rgel be considered characters corresponding, respectively, to the Old Testament Asima and Nergal. This view was supported by Viljo Mansikka. Alexander Famitsin, on the other hand, concluded that Simargl was a corrupted notation that was originally intended to read Sim Yaryl. Vyacheslav Ivanov and Vladimir Toporov originally concluded that the theonym originally sounded *Sedmor(o)-golvъ and meant "seven-headed".
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