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Skiff

A skiff is any of a variety of essentially unrelated styles of small boats, usually propelled by sails or oars. Traditionally, these are coastal craft or river craft used for work, leisure, as a utility craft, and for fishing, and have a one-person or small crew. Sailing skiffs have developed into high performance competitive classes. Many of today's skiff classes are based in Australia and New Zealand in the form of 12 ft (3.66 m), 13 ft (3.96 m), 16 ft (4.88 m) and 18 ft (5.49 m) skiffs. The 29er, 49er, SKUD and Musto Skiff are all considered to have developed from the skiff concept, all of which are sailed internationally.

The term skiff is also used for a racing shell called single scull for competitive rowing.

The word is related to ship and has a complicated etymology: "skiff" comes from the Middle English skif, which derives from the Old French esquif, which in turn derives from the Old Italian schifo, which is itself of Germanic origin (German Schiff). "Ship" comes from the Old English "scip", which has the same Germanic predecessor.

The term has been used for a number of styles of craft round the United Kingdom, often small river and sea going craft. They varied from double ended rowing boats to small sailing boats. The poet John Milton refers to a "night foundered skiff" in Paradise Lost as early as 1670. There are references to skiffs involved in accidents on the River Thames as early as 1812, and 1824 at Oxford. In August 1815, the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley was taken on an expedition by skiff from Old Windsor to Lechlade by Charles Clairmont and Thomas Love Peacock. He subsequently settled at Marlow, where he regularly rowed his skiff through the locks. Shelley later drowned sailing in a skiff off the coast of Italy. A skiff was also mentioned in Sir Walter Scott's poem The Lady of the Lake.

The Thames skiff became formalised as a specific design in the early part of the 19th century. It is a round-bottomed clinker-built rowing boat that is still very common on the River Thames and other rivers in England. Rowing skiffs became very popular in Victorian Britain, and a skiff journey up the River Thames is described in Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome. These skiffs could carry a sail and could be used for camping. Although general usage has declined, skiffs are still used for leisure and racing. During the year, skiffing regattas are held in various riverside towns in England, the major event being the Skiff Championships Regatta at Henley.

Akin to the skiff is the yoal or yole, which is a clinker-built boat used for fishing in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. The boat itself is a version of the Norwegian Oselvar which is similar to a skiff in appearance, while the word is cognate with "yawl". The French yole is a leisure craft similar to the Thames Skiff and is translated as "skiff", while the French skiff translates to a single scull. In Dutch and German, "Skiff" also means a single scull, while Czech skif refers to sculling boats in general.

Regattas are also held across Northern Ireland, with one of the largest being held in Portadown, but smaller events take place throughout the year across County Down.

In American usage, the term is used for small sea-going fishing boats. It is referred to historically in literature in Moby-Dick by Herman Melville and The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway. Boats powered by sails or by oars can be referred to as skiffs.

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