Soran Emirate (Kurdish: میرنشینی سۆران) was a medieval Kurdish emirate established before the conquest of Kurdistan by Ottoman Empire in 1514 and later revived by Emir Muhammad centered in Rawandiz from 1816 to 1836.

According to the Sharafnama (1597) by Sharafkhan Bidlisi, the emirate traced its lineage to a Bedouin Arab noble man from Baghdad named Kelos, who settled in the village of Hewdeyan in the Ewan district within the borders of Soran. Initially, Kelos worked as a shepherd for the villagers. Kelos had lost his front teeth, and in the dialect of the local people, "Kelos" referred to someone who lacked their front teeth, thus the name stuck with him.

Kelos had three sons: Isa, Ibrahim, and Sheikh Uveys. Isa was described as noble, gentle, and eloquent, and was known for distributing his earnings to the poor and destitute of the village, which earned him a devoted following. When the ruler of the region mobilized his forces against a powerful enemy, Isa joined the campaign with his followers. His companions mockingly bestowed upon him the title of "Emir," but following demonstrations of his capability in battle, the local population formally recognized him as their ruler. Isa and his followers subsequently moved to capture the Ewan Fortress.

Sharafnama recounts that the area surrounding the fortress was characterized by bare, hard red rocks. Isa and his men were the first to scale the rocks and engage the defenders, and their valor in battle led to them being named Seng-Surh, Kurdish for "people of the red rocks." Through common usage, and owing to the Kurdish rendering of the Persian surh ("red") as sohr, the name evolved into Sohran, the name of the emirate. Following a successful siege, Isa governed the region until his death, after which his son Shah Ali succeeded him.

Qadir Muhammad Muhammad writes that the emirate was likely established sometime between the 1330s and 1430s.

Years later, during the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514 between the Ottomans and the Safavids, the Emirate was able to conquer land between Erbil and Kirkuk. Following the Ottoman conquest of Baghdad in 1534, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent ordered the assassination of Izzeddin Sher, the ruler of Erbil and son of Shah Ali, and appointed the Yazidi leader Mîr Husên Beg Dasini as the emir of Erbil in the spring of 1535. Contemporary Ottoman sources suggest that the removal of Izzeddîn Sher was motivated by his secret support for the Safavids, despite professed loyalty to the Ottoman state.

Soon after, Mir Husên Beg Dasini faced resistance from Mir Seyfeddin, son of Mîr Husên of Soran, who initially sought refuge with the Emir of Ardalan but later successfully reclaimed much of the former Soran territories. Despite Mir Husên Beg’s efforts, conflicts between Mîr Seyfeddîn and the Ottomans continued for years. Ottoman records indicate that Husên Beg was replaced as Sanjakbeg of Erbil by Ferhad Beg before 1544. After his service in Erbil, Mîr Husên Beg Dasinî continued to hold various Ottoman administrative positions. Contrary to claims in Sharafname that he was executed in Istanbul, Ottoman documents indicate that he later served as emir of Bitlis, with records mentioning him in 1556–1558, including a request for a timar for his son Ali Beg.

The last prince of the emirate was Mir Muhammad of Rawanduz, who reigned from 1813 to 1836. His father, Mustafa Beg, peacefully handed the princedom to him. In the first few years of his rule, he consolidated his power and began launching attacks toward the neighboring principality of Baban. He occupied Harir in 1822, Koy Sanjaq, Altun Kupri, Erbil in 1823, Akre, Ranya in 1824. This established the Zab river as the border between the two emirates.