Vencedora (English: Victorious) was a screw corvette of the Spanish Navy in commission from 1862 to 1888. She participated in the Chincha Islands War of 1865–1866 and in the Spanish–Moro conflict in the Philippines in the 1870s and 1880s.

Vencedora was a Narváez-class screw corvette with a wooden hull and a schooner rig, and because of the latter some sources list her as a schooner. She had three masts and a bowsprit. She displaced 778 tons and was 58 metres (190 ft 3 in) long. She had a steam engine manufactured in Barcelona, Spain, by La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima that was rated at a nominal 160 horsepower (119 kW), and she could reach a maximum speed of 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). Her armament consisted of two 68-pounder (31 kg) 200-millimetre (7.9 in) smoothbore guns amidships and a 32-pounder (14.5 kg) 160-millimetre (6.3 in) smoothbore swivel gun on her bow. She had a crew of 98 to 130 men.

Vencedora was laid down at the Arsenal de Cartagena in Cartagena, Spain, in 1859 as a wooden-hulled screw frigate with mixed sail and steam propulsion. She was launched in 1861, and after fitting out was commissioned in 1862. Her total construction cost was 1,212,764.44 pesetas.

Upon entering service, Vencedora was assigned to the Pacific Squadron and proceeded to the Río de la Plata (River Plate) on the coast of South America, arriving there in April 1862. With the squadron commander, Contralmirante (Counter admiral) Luis Hernández Pinzón Álvarez, and a scientific team composed of three zoologists, a geologist, a botanist, an anthropologist, a taxidermist, and a photographer aboard, the screw frigates Resolución (Pinzon's flagship) and Nuestra Señora del Triunfo departed Spain in August 1862 and rendezvoused with her at the Río de la Plata. The screw schooner Virgen de Covadonga soon joined the squadron.

Ordered to carry out both the political-military task of demonstrating a Spanish presence in the Americas and a scientific research mission, the four ships got underway from Montevideo, Uruguay, on 10 January 1863 and proceeded down the coast of Patagonia, passed the Falkland Islands, rounded Cape Horn on 6 February 1863, and entered the Pacific Ocean. They then stopped at the Chiloé Archipelago off the coast of Chile before continuing their voyage up the coasts of South America and North America, stopping at several ports before calling at San Francisco, California, in the United States from 9 October to 1 November 1863. They then headed southward and arrived at Valparaíso, Chile, on 13 January 1864.

At the time, Spain still had not recognized the independence of Chile and Peru from the Spanish Empire, and the presence of the Spanish warships on the Pacific coast of South America – especially in the aftermath of Spain's annexation of the First Dominican Republic in 1861 and Spanish involvement in a multinational intervention in Mexico in 1861–1862 – raised suspicions in South America as to the intentions of the Spanish government. In retaliation for various hostile actions against Spanish citizens and property in Peru, Pinzón's squadron seized the Chincha Islands from Peru on 14 April 1864 without authorization from the Spanish government, taking several Peruvians prisoner. With tensions spiking between Spain and Peru, Resolución and Nuestra Señora del Triunfo covered an operation in which many of the Spaniards in Peru embarked on the steamer Heredia at Callao and Virgen de Covadonga towed Heredia out of the harbor under the guns of Peruvian Navy warships that were ready to open fire. Spain and Peru avoided war, but Pinzón resigned his command on 9 November 1864 because he felt that the Spanish government had not supported his actions, and Vicealmirante (Vice admiral) José Manuel Pareja took charge of the Pacific Squadron.

An accidental fire destroyed Nuestra Señora del Triunfo on 25 November 1864, but Pareja's squadron received reinforcements on 30 December 1864 when the screw frigates Berenguela, Reina Blanca, and Villa de Madrid joined it. Tensions with Peru remained high, and a member of Resolución′s crew was killed while on leave at Callao. Pareja attempted to settle affairs with Peru by signing the Vivanco–Pareja Treaty with a Peruvian government representative aboard Villa de Madrid (Pareja's flagship), but the Peruvian Congress viewed it as a humiliation and refused to ratify it, and the failed treaty instead sparked the outbreak of the Peruvian Civil War of 1865 in February 1865.

Vencedora was at Valparaíso on 28 April 1865 when the armoured frigate Numancia and the transport steamer Marqués de la Victoria arrived there from Spain as reinforcements for the Pacific Squadron. Numancia′s commanding officer, Capitán de navío (Ship-of-the-line captain) Casto Méndez Núñez, gathered information from Vencedora′s commanding officer, learning that Spain had reached an agreement with Peru to avoid war and that the Pacific Squadron was at Callao, and Numancia and Marqués de la Victoria got back underway and rendezvoused with the squadron at Callao on 5 May 1865.