T Persei

T Persei
	; A visual band light curve For T Persei, plotted from AAVSO data
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Perseus
Right ascension	2h 19m 21.87717s
Declination	+58° 57′ 40.3455″
Apparent magnitude (V)	8.34-9.70
Characteristics
Spectral type	M2Iab
U−B color index	+2.62
B−V color index	+2.33
Variable type	SRc
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	−40.85 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −1.237 mas/yr ; Dec.: −0.186 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	0.4119±0.0237 mas
Distance	2345±55 pc
Absolute magnitude (MV)	−6.90±0.07
Details
Mass	9-12 M☉
Radius	510±20 R☉
Luminosity	45,700+4,400; −4,000 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	0.06±0.05 cgs
Temperature	3,750±60 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	−0.35 dex
Other designations
	T Per, HD 14142, HIP 10829, BD+58°439, WDS J02194+5858, 2MASS J02192186+5857403, AAVSO 0212+58
Database references
SIMBAD	data

T Persei is a red supergiant located in the constellation Perseus. It varies in brightness between magnitudes 8.3 and 9.7 and is considered to be a member of the Double Cluster.

T Persei is a member of the Perseus OB1 association around the h and χ Persei open clusters, around 2 degrees north of the centre of the clusters. It is generally treated as an outlying member of the clusters.^[8] It lies half a degree away from S Persei, another red supergiant Double Cluster member.

Vojtěch Šafařík discovered that the star is a variable star in 1882.^[9] It was listed with its variable star designation, T Persei, in Annie Jump Cannon's 1907 work Second Catalog of Variable Stars.^[10] T Per is a semiregular variable star, whose brightness varies from magnitude 8.34 to 9.7 over a period of 2,430 days.^[3] Unlike many red supergiants, it does not appear to have a long secondary period.^[4]^[11] It is relatively inactive for the red supergiant star, with low mass loss rate 8×10⁻⁶ Solar_mass/year and no detectable dust shell.^[12]

The Washington Double Star Catalog lists T Persei as having a 9th magnitude companion 0.1 arc-seconds away. This is derived from Hipparcos measurements. However, no other sources report a companion.^[13]

References

^ "Download Data". aavso.org. AAVSO. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b ^c Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
^ ^a ^b Kiss, L. L.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Bedding, T. R. (2006). "Variability in red supergiant stars: Pulsations, long secondary periods and convection noise". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 372 (4): 1721–1734. arXiv:astro-ph/0608438. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.372.1721K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10973.x. S2CID 5203133.
^ ^a ^b Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
^ Famaey, B.; Jorissen, A.; Luri, X.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S.; Dejonghe, H.; Turon, C. (2005). "Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 430: 165. arXiv:astro-ph/0409579. Bibcode:2005A&A...430..165F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041272. S2CID 17804304.
^ ^a ^b ^c Baron, F.; Monnier, J. D.; Kiss, L. L.; Neilson, H. R.; Zhao, M.; Anderson, M.; Aarnio, A.; Pedretti, E.; Thureau, N.; Ten Brummelaar, T. A.; Ridgway, S. T.; McAlister, H. A.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N. (2014). "Chara/mirc Observations of Two M Supergiants in Perseus Ob1: Temperature, Bayesian Modeling, and Compressed Sensing Imaging". The Astrophysical Journal. 785 (1): 46. arXiv:1405.4032. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785...46B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/46. S2CID 17085548.
^ Gonzalez, Guillermo; Wallerstein, George (2000). "Elemental Abundances in Evolved Supergiants. II. The Young Clusters H and χ Persei". The Astronomical Journal. 119 (4): 1839. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.1839G. doi:10.1086/301319.
^ Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia (1952). "Variable stars in Milton field 3". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 118: 193–203. Bibcode:1952AnHar.118..193P. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
^ Cannon, Annie J. (1907). "Second catalogue of variable stars". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 55: 1–94. Bibcode:1907AnHar..55....1C. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
^ Percy, John R.; Sato, Hiromitsu (2009). "Long Secondary Periods in Pulsating Red Supergiant Stars". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 103 (1): 11. Bibcode:2009JRASC.103...11P.
^ Gordon, Michael S.; Humphreys, Roberta M.; Jones, Terry J.; Shenoy, Dinesh; Gehrz, Robert D.; Helton, L. Andrew; Marengo, Massimo; Hinz, Philip M.; Hoffmann, William F. (2017). "Searching for Cool Dust. II. Infrared Imaging of the OH/IR Supergiants, NML Cyg, VX SGR, S per, and the Normal Red Supergiants RS per and T per". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (5): 212. arXiv:1708.00018. Bibcode:2018AJ....155..212G. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aab961. S2CID 73650032.
^ Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (2001). "The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog". The Astronomical Journal. 122 (6): 3466. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M. doi:10.1086/323920.

[aavso-1] "Download Data". aavso.org. AAVSO. Retrieved 1 October 2021.

[edr3-2] Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[gcvs-3] Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.

[kiss-4] Kiss, L. L.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Bedding, T. R. (2006). "Variability in red supergiant stars: Pulsations, long secondary periods and convection noise". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 372 (4): 1721–1734. arXiv:astro-ph/0608438. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.372.1721K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10973.x. S2CID 5203133.

[ducati-5] Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.

[6] Famaey, B.; Jorissen, A.; Luri, X.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S.; Dejonghe, H.; Turon, C. (2005). "Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 430: 165. arXiv:astro-ph/0409579. Bibcode:2005A&A...430..165F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041272. S2CID 17804304.

[Baron_2014-7] Baron, F.; Monnier, J. D.; Kiss, L. L.; Neilson, H. R.; Zhao, M.; Anderson, M.; Aarnio, A.; Pedretti, E.; Thureau, N.; Ten Brummelaar, T. A.; Ridgway, S. T.; McAlister, H. A.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N. (2014). "Chara/mirc Observations of Two M Supergiants in Perseus Ob1: Temperature, Bayesian Modeling, and Compressed Sensing Imaging". The Astrophysical Journal. 785 (1): 46. arXiv:1405.4032. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785...46B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/46. S2CID 17085548.

[gonzalez-8] Gonzalez, Guillermo; Wallerstein, George (2000). "Elemental Abundances in Evolved Supergiants. II. The Young Clusters H and χ Persei". The Astronomical Journal. 119 (4): 1839. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.1839G. doi:10.1086/301319.

[Payne-Gaposchkin1952-9] Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia (1952). "Variable stars in Milton field 3". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 118: 193–203. Bibcode:1952AnHar.118..193P. Retrieved 19 December 2024.

[Cannon1907-10] Cannon, Annie J. (1907). "Second catalogue of variable stars". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 55: 1–94. Bibcode:1907AnHar..55....1C. Retrieved 18 December 2024.

[percy-11] Percy, John R.; Sato, Hiromitsu (2009). "Long Secondary Periods in Pulsating Red Supergiant Stars". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 103 (1): 11. Bibcode:2009JRASC.103...11P.

[12] Gordon, Michael S.; Humphreys, Roberta M.; Jones, Terry J.; Shenoy, Dinesh; Gehrz, Robert D.; Helton, L. Andrew; Marengo, Massimo; Hinz, Philip M.; Hoffmann, William F. (2017). "Searching for Cool Dust. II. Infrared Imaging of the OH/IR Supergiants, NML Cyg, VX SGR, S per, and the Normal Red Supergiants RS per and T per". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (5): 212. arXiv:1708.00018. Bibcode:2018AJ....155..212G. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aab961. S2CID 73650032.

[wds-13] Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (2001). "The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog". The Astronomical Journal. 122 (6): 3466. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M. doi:10.1086/323920.

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Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
A visual band light curve For T Persei, plotted from AAVSO data^[1]
Constellation	Perseus
Right ascension	2^h 19^m 21.87717^s^[2]
Declination	+58° 57′ 40.3455″^[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)	8.34-9.70^[3]
Characteristics
Spectral type	M2Iab^[4]
U−B color index	+2.62^[5]
B−V color index	+2.33^[5]
Variable type	SRc^[3]
Astrometry

Radial velocity (R_v)	−40.85^[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −1.237^[2] mas/yr Dec.: −0.186^[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	0.4119±0.0237 mas^[2]
Distance	2345±55^[7] pc
Absolute magnitude (M_V)	−6.90±0.07^[7]

Details^[7]

Mass	9-12 `M`_☉
Radius	510±20 `R`_☉
Luminosity	45,700+4,400 −4,000 `L`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	0.06±0.05 cgs
Temperature	3,750±60 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	−0.35 dex

Other designations
T Per, HD 14142, HIP 10829, BD+58°439, WDS J02194+5858, 2MASS J02192186+5857403, AAVSO 0212+58
Database references
SIMBAD	data

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