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Tepe Yahya
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Tepe Yahya
Tepe Yahya (Persian: تپه یحیی) is a Bronze Age archaeological site in southeastern Iran. It is in the easternmost area of the Proto-Elamite culture. Excavations at Tepe Yahya show evidence of very early clay tablet usage and writing, early metallurgy, and the manufacture of stoneware for wide distribution. The site is a circular mound—the tell or tepe—around 20 meters high and 187 meters in diameter.
Tepe Yahya is 1 km from a much larger site which was occupied in 3rd millennium BCE. It is in Kermān Province, some 220 kilometres (140 mi) south of Kerman, 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Baft and 90 km south-west of Jiroft.
Tepe Yahya was occupied from the 6th to 2nd millennia BC and the 10th to 4th centuries BC. In the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, the city was a production center of chlorite stone ware; these carved dark stone vessels have been found in ancient Mesopotamian temples.
Tepe Yahya was excavated in six seasons (1968–1971, 1973, 1975) by the American School of Prehistoric Research of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Harvard University in a joint operation with what is now the Shiraz University under the direction of C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky. Jane Britton was one of the excavators on the dig in 1968.
Periodization is as follows, starting with the most recent:
The Neolithic period VII strata of Tepe Yahya yielded an extremely detailed green soapstone female figurine of a phallic shape. It featured eight individually drilled orifices. An associated charcoal sample was submitted for radiocarbon dating.
In the late 4th millennium BC IVC Proto-Elamite period (comparable with levels 14–16 at Susa), a monumental building covered the top of the Tepe Yahya mound. The design was similar to other Proto-Elamite sites and to the Uruk site at Habuba Kabira in Syria. It was constructed with a standardized 48 x 24 x 8 centimeter brick used throughout the complex. The buildings were designed and constructed from the outside-in using a base measure of 72 cm, approximating the "large cubit" measure used throughout the ancient Near East. It was occupied for less than a century.
Over 1,000 steatite pieces from to Period IVB were found, an indication of local manufacturing at Tepe Yahya. A steatite mine was discovered near the site. The steatite vessels have been discovered across a wide geographic range. In addition to Mesopotamia, they have been recovered in Bampur and Shahr-e Sukhteh in the modern Iranian province of Sistan and Baluchestan. They were also found in the lower levels at Mohenjodaro in India. Steatite bowls with similar motifs are also found on Tarout Island off the Arabian Peninsula, and copies have been found at Umm-an Nar in the Persian Gulf.
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Tepe Yahya
Tepe Yahya (Persian: تپه یحیی) is a Bronze Age archaeological site in southeastern Iran. It is in the easternmost area of the Proto-Elamite culture. Excavations at Tepe Yahya show evidence of very early clay tablet usage and writing, early metallurgy, and the manufacture of stoneware for wide distribution. The site is a circular mound—the tell or tepe—around 20 meters high and 187 meters in diameter.
Tepe Yahya is 1 km from a much larger site which was occupied in 3rd millennium BCE. It is in Kermān Province, some 220 kilometres (140 mi) south of Kerman, 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Baft and 90 km south-west of Jiroft.
Tepe Yahya was occupied from the 6th to 2nd millennia BC and the 10th to 4th centuries BC. In the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, the city was a production center of chlorite stone ware; these carved dark stone vessels have been found in ancient Mesopotamian temples.
Tepe Yahya was excavated in six seasons (1968–1971, 1973, 1975) by the American School of Prehistoric Research of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Harvard University in a joint operation with what is now the Shiraz University under the direction of C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky. Jane Britton was one of the excavators on the dig in 1968.
Periodization is as follows, starting with the most recent:
The Neolithic period VII strata of Tepe Yahya yielded an extremely detailed green soapstone female figurine of a phallic shape. It featured eight individually drilled orifices. An associated charcoal sample was submitted for radiocarbon dating.
In the late 4th millennium BC IVC Proto-Elamite period (comparable with levels 14–16 at Susa), a monumental building covered the top of the Tepe Yahya mound. The design was similar to other Proto-Elamite sites and to the Uruk site at Habuba Kabira in Syria. It was constructed with a standardized 48 x 24 x 8 centimeter brick used throughout the complex. The buildings were designed and constructed from the outside-in using a base measure of 72 cm, approximating the "large cubit" measure used throughout the ancient Near East. It was occupied for less than a century.
Over 1,000 steatite pieces from to Period IVB were found, an indication of local manufacturing at Tepe Yahya. A steatite mine was discovered near the site. The steatite vessels have been discovered across a wide geographic range. In addition to Mesopotamia, they have been recovered in Bampur and Shahr-e Sukhteh in the modern Iranian province of Sistan and Baluchestan. They were also found in the lower levels at Mohenjodaro in India. Steatite bowls with similar motifs are also found on Tarout Island off the Arabian Peninsula, and copies have been found at Umm-an Nar in the Persian Gulf.