Thirukattupalli (Ancient name: Melaithirukattupalli) is a panchayat town near Thiruvaiyaru in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The economy of this town is based on the agricultural lands of the surrounding villages. Its nearby major cities include Thanjavur (28 km Southeast) and Trichy (32 km Northwest). Modes of transportation to these cities include regular daily bus services (Theeyadiappar Bus Station) and Budalur Railway Station (located 6 km South). Sir P. S. Sivaswami Iyer Higher Secondary School located at the heart of this town serves as the alma-mater for nearly all locals.

This place has a big Shiva temple called the Theeyaadiappar Temple, (also known as Agneeshwarar). This temple is referred to in ancient Tamil literature, and plays a part in the history of Chola dynasty. This place is 14 km from Grand Anicut - an ancient dam and the oldest water-diversion structure in the world still in use. This is a central market town for several surrounding villages.

As of 2001^[update] India census, Thirukattupalli had a population of 12,567. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Thirukattupalli has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 71%. In Thirukattupalli, 11% of the population are under 6 years of age.

Thirukattupalli is considered to be the 9th in the series of Tevara Stalams in the Chola Empire located south of the river Kaveri. Inscriptions from the period of Raja Raja Chola I & other Chola Emperors and the Pandya and Vijayanagar periods are found in the Shiva Temple located in this town. Inscriptions also say that one of the Generals of Raja Raja Chola I named Krishnan-Raman alias Mummadi-Chola-Brahmamarayan hailed from the nearby Village called Palamaneri. A fort was constructed next the Shiva Temple during the Thanjavur Nayaks period which was captured by the forces of the British East India Company in 1771; it was recaptured by Hyder Ali in 1781. The Agneeswara temple is considered as the famous temple of this surroundings. There is some belief that the subway may connect Agneeswara temple to thanjai Pragadeeswara temple.

This town is in the bank of the rivers Kaveri and Kudamurutti, both distributaries of the upstream Kaveri river. The Kudamurutti separates from Kaveri at Thirukkattupalli.

There is another place which is also called as Thirukkattupalli. This is located adjacent to Poompuhaar and Tiruvenkaadu is known as Keezhtirukkaattuppalli to distinguish it from Melaithirukkaattuppalli. Keezhaittirukkaattuppalli is considered to be the 12th in the series of Tevara Stalangal on the northern banks of the river Kaveri in the Chola region of Tamil Nadu.

There is an old higher secondary school named Sir Sivaswamy Ayyar Higher Secondary School in the town which is celebrating its 100th year. There is another school that teaches English medium first in this locality named Rev. Fr. Lourdu Xavier Matriculation Higher Secondary School (lxmhss) [1] (established in the year 1976), and also there is a Government high school.

The nearest railway station is in Budalur, about 8 kilometers from the town. The nearest airport is in Trichy which is Tiruchirappalli International Airport.