The Trans-Java Toll Road is a tolled expressway network in the island of Java, Indonesia, runs from Port of Merak in Cilegon, the main link between the island of Sumatra and Java, to Banyuwangi, the eastern end of the island in Indonesia and the main link between the island of Java and Bali. It mainly runs through the northern coast of the island, except for the section between Semarang and Surabaya, where it runs through the centre and south of the island. It runs through five of the six provinces on the island of Java (DI Yogyakarta being the sole exception), connecting the major cities of Jakarta, Cirebon, Semarang, Solo, and Surabaya. The toll road is the land transportation backbone of the island and is the most important toll road network of the country. The toll road has a total length of 1,167 kilometres (725 mi).

The Trans-Jawa toll network was first conceived in whole in 1995, by President Soeharto as a means to connect both ends of the island to help with distribution and general traffic between the major cities that it runs through. But, the 1997 Asian financial crisis which affected the country, halted any developments. The project was later revived by President Joko Widodo, with the construction of the remaining sections starting between 2014 and 2016. This revival is mainly due to the main Pantura road getting increasingly congested, especially during the Eid and Christmas seasons.

Several sections of the toll road were completed in December 2018, fully connecting the sections between Port of Merak and Surabaya. Meanwhile, the section connecting Surabaya and Probolinggo was completed a year later. As of 2023, The section between Probolinggo and Banyuwangi had its ground breaking with targeted completion date of 2025.

There are also many other complementary toll networks connecting this toll road. Trans-Java toll road is part of Asian Highway 2, which extends from Denpasar, Indonesia to Khosravi, Iran.

During the Dutch colonial era, the colonial government ordered Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels to build a road connecting the two major ports of Anyer, part of modern-day Banten and Panarukan in modern-day Situbondo. Following the Indonesian independence. The road becomes the main route connecting the major cities of Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya, albeit with several deviations, instead of going through the old Preanger cities of Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang, before rejoining the coast in Cirebon, the new road instead follows the northern Java coast and is more commonly known as Pantura (Jalur Pantai Utara, literally meaning North Coast Road) Over the years, this highway gets increasingly congested, the volume of cars using it increases each year, especially during Eid or Christmas seasons. The congestion is also caused by the fact that the highway is open-access, meaning that everyone, including pedestrians could use this road, not just intercity traffic. Frequent roadworks along the routes also hampers traffic.

In order to combat congestion, President Soeharto started commissioning toll roads along the corridor in the 1980s, following the construction of Indonesia's first toll road, the Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi (Jagorawi) Toll Road. Soeharto also created a state-owned enterprise PT. Jasa Marga to regulate and operate toll roads in Indonesia.

During this era, the highway is completed in sections. The first section to be fully completed is the section between Tangerang and Jakarta, this section was completed in 1984. Two years later, the section between Surabaya and Gempol (near Pasuruan. Semarang Outer Ring Road was the next section to be fully opened (after having sections of it partially opened starting from 1983), opened in 1988. The next major section to be fully operational is the Jakarta-Cikampek section, spanning 72 km, this highway would become one of the most important and most used highway in Indonesia, as it is the fastest link between Jakarta and cities in eastern West Java, Central Java, and East Java. The Tangerang-Merak section is next to be completed, also spanning 72 km, this section was opened in 1992, fully connecting the Port of Merak with Jakarta, although links further east and south is not yet available through toll roads. Following the completion of the Tangerang-Merak section, construction along this network stagnated.

In 1995, Soeharto proposed to accelerate the construction of several toll roads, including several along this network. But this instruction is quickly hampered by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, leading to a Presidential Instruction calling off a large number of constructions along the country. During this era, only two sections of the toll road is completed, namely parts of the Jakarta Outer Ring Road completed in 1995 and the Palimanan-Kanci section (bypassing Cirebon).