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Valiant Sixty
View on WikipediaThe Valiant Sixty were a group of early activists and itinerant preachers in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Mainly from northern England, they spread the ideas of the Friends in the second half of the 17th century.[1][2] They were also called the First Publishers of Truth. In fact they numbered more than 60.[3]
Notable members
[edit]- Edward Burrough, early preacher and Quaker apologist who held a pamphlet debate with John Bunyan
- Margaret Fell, one of the earliest sponsors of George Fox and the Friends movement. She opened her home, Swarthmoor Hall, to Quaker meetings and later married George Fox
- Mary Fisher, a preacher and missionary who travelled to the New World and to Turkey to spread Friends beliefs
- George Fox, often considered the founder of the Friends movement
- Francis Howgill, a prominent Nonconformist[4]
- James Nayler, radical member of the Society of Friends
- George Whitehead, Quaker teenage preacher who travelled across England
Distinctives
[edit]These missionaries of Quakerism were unusual in their time. Most other preaching was done by well-educated ordained male clergymen, but most of the Valiant Sixty were ordinary farmers and tradesmen, and several of them were women. Because the Valiant Sixty came from the northern part of England they were considered backward. Because they stood against the church structure in place in England at that time, many of them suffered imprisonment or corporal punishment or both.[5] Once Quaker practices were outlawed, they were in technical violation of the law. They can therefore be seen as early practitioners of civil disobedience.[5]
Members of the Valiant Sixty travelled not only throughout England, but to the rest of Great Britain, Europe, and North America. In particular, Mary Fisher travelled to Turkey and spoke with the Sultan about her beliefs.[6]
List of members
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Elizabeth Hooton". Discover Ashfield. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
- ^ "Dwell in the Light". Daily Quaker. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
- ^ "The Valiant Sixty". Youthquake Now. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
- ^ Alan Rudrum; Joseph Black; Holly Faith Nelson, eds. (2001). The Broadview Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Prose. Broadview Press. p. 535.
- ^ a b "Quakers in eighteenth-century England". University of Oxford. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
- ^ "The Valiant 60". Birmingham Friends. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
- ^ Caroline L. Leachman, 'Camm, Anne (1627–1705)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 29 November 2014
- ^ "Ann Blaykling". www.oxforddnb.com. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
- ^ "Edward Burrough: Life". Friends Library. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
- ^ "Margaret Fell". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ^ a b David Booy, ed. (2010). Autobiographical writings by early Quaker women. Ashgate Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9780754607533. Retrieved 2013-04-14.
- ^ "Francis Howgill". The Journeys of George Fox 1652–1653.
- ^ Catie Gill, "Howgill, Francis (1618?–1669)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2004 retrieved 11 November 2015. Pay-walled
- ^ "Quakers in Masham from 1660 to today". Masham History. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
Further reading
[edit]- Vipont, Elfrida, George Fox and the Valiant Sixty, 1976. ISBN 1-888305-05-3
- Taylor, Ernest, The Valiant Sixty, 1951 [1947], third ed. with new foreword and map ISBN 1-85072-033-9