Virginia Ann Foxx (née Palmieri; born June 29, 1943) is an American politician, businesswoman, and educator serving as the U.S. representative for North Carolina's 5th congressional district since 2005. A member of the Republican Party, Foxx has served as chair of the House Rules Committee since 2025 in the 119th Congress. She also served as Secretary of the House Republican Conference from 2013 to 2016. She was the ranking member of the House Committee on Education and Labor from 2019 to 2023 and served as the committee's chair from 2017 to 2019 and from 2023 to 2025. Foxx's district encompasses much of the rural northwestern portion of the state, including the majority of Greensboro. Since January 2025, Foxx has been the dean of North Carolina's congressional delegation, having previously shared the deanship with Patrick McHenry until his retirement.

Foxx was born Virginia Ann Palmieri in the Manhattan borough of New York City on June 29, 1943, to Dollie (née Garrison) and Nunzio John Palmieri. Her father was a painter and a paperhanger who also worked as a hairdresser and construction worker and her mother worked odd jobs, working in restaurants as well as a hotel maid and weaver. She and her family moved near Linville Falls, North Carolina, when she was 6. Foxx grew up in a poor family and didn't live in a home with running water and electricity until age 14. Although baptized Catholic, her family attended a Baptist church since there was no Catholic church nearby.

While attending Crossnore High School in Crossnore, North Carolina, she worked as a janitor at the school and was the first in her family to graduate from high school. For a brief period after high school, she returned to New York City, earning money by working as a typist and living with family in the Bronx. She then moved back to North Carolina to continue her education, initially at Appalachian State University. When she was 20 years old, she married Thomas Foxx, with whom she had a daughter. She graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with a bachelor's degree in 1968, and later earned both a Master of Arts in college teaching (1972) and a Doctor of Education (1985) from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Foxx and her husband owned and operated a nursery and landscaping business.

Foxx worked as a research assistant and then an English instructor at Caldwell Community College & Technical Institute and Appalachian State University before moving into university administration. From 1987 until her 1994 entry into politics, she was president of Mayland Community College. Under North Carolina Governor James G. Martin, Foxx served as Deputy Secretary for Management. From 1994 to 2004, she served in the North Carolina Senate.

Foxx was first elected to the U.S. House in 2004, defeating Jim Harrell, Jr. with 59% of the vote.

Foxx was briefly targeted in the 2006 elections, but the Democrats' top choice, Winston-Salem mayor Allen Joines, decided not to run. Joines later said he lacked the stomach for the kind of race he felt it would take to defeat Foxx. Her 2006 opponent was Roger Sharpe, whom she defeated.

Roy Carter of Ashe County was Foxx's opponent in the 2008 election; she won by a substantial margin.

In 2010, Foxx was reelected with about 65% of the vote.