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The roll-call votes on the death of Louis XVI were held in the Salle du Manège (image from 1792)
A series of votes were held at the end of the trial of Louis XVI to determine his guilt and the appropriate punishment. After voting on two initial questions on Tuesday 15 January 1793, the députés considered sentencing over 37 uninterrupted hours of debate on Wednesday 16 and Thursday 17 January. Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud was president during these sessions.[1][2]
The debate on Monday 14 January was occupied with determining the wording of the resolutions to be voted on.[1][3]: 226
On Tuesday 15 January 1793, at the National Convention, a roll call vote took place on the first two questions:[1][3]: 226 [4]: 80–87
1 "Is Louis Capet guilty of conspiracy against public liberty and attacks against the general security of the State, yes or no?"
2 "Should the judgment of the National Convention against Louis Capet be submitted to the ratification of the people, yes or no?"[5]
The members from each département were called in turn, beginning with the letter G, with each announcing their votes from the podium.
Next, from 10:30 am on Wednesday 16 January until the evening of Thursday 17 January, without interruption, a roll-call vote was conducted on the third question, starting with the département of Haute-Garonne:[3]: 228 [4]: 92–110
3 "What punishment should be imposed be imposed on Louis?"
"As a natural consequence of the opinion that I have already expressed on the first question, I vote for the death of Louis. I will make only one observation. If death has the majority, I think that it would be worthwhile for the National Convention to examine whether it would not be politic and useful to hasten, or to delay, the moment of execution. This proposition is independent of my vote. I return to the first question and I vote for death."[3]: 228
Some members of the Convention complained that there had been irregularity in the voting in the third question. Following a debate, the Convention agreed that there would be a second roll-call vote in the third question, where each member would be asked to confirm their vote. This meant that there were a total of five votes on four substantive questions.[3]: 232–3 [6]
Mailhe's suggestion raised the question of whether, for any reason, the death sentence ought to be stayed. At the session on Saturday 19 January, despite fierce opposition from Jean-Paul Marat, on the motion of fr:René-Pierre Choudieu, the Convention decreed that it would immediately discuss the question of a reprieve, and that the question would be put as follows:[7]
4 "Should there be a reprieve of the judgment against Louis Capet?" and that the answer was to be "yes" or "no".
The roll call vote was held in alphabetical order by département, starting with Gers.[4]: 118–9
Imprisonment in a secure place until peace is declared and the recognition of the French Republic allows the representatives of the nation to order his banishment
Detention throughout the war and banishment after peace, unless exceptional measures are necessary, including pain of death if an invasion of French territory takes place.
Imprisonment of Louis, his wife and children in the château de Saumur, where they should be guarded as hostages until Francis of Austria recognises the sovereignty of the French Republic and the independence of the Belgians.
Liste comparative des cinq appels nominaux by J-F. Froullé et T. Levigneur (contemporary oublcation listing the results of the roll-call votes)Liste comparative des cinq appels nominaux, page 25
13 députés and 5 substitutes
Claude Fauchet, 1° yes, as citizen and legislator. As a judge I have no standing, and I make no pronouncement, 2° yes justified, 3° Confinement during the war and banishment after peace, 4° yes.
fr:Louis Dubois du Bais, 1° yes justified, 2° yes 3° death with reprieve until the foreign powers set foot on our territory, or until others join them in making war on us, 4° yes.
fr:Jean-Baptiste Lomont, 1° abstained and justified his position, 2° yes, 3° confinement during the war and deportation after peace, 4° yes.
Pierre Henry-Larivière, 1° abstained and justified his position, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war and exile after peace, 4° yes.
fr:Louis-Alexandre-Jacques Vardon, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention until foreign nations recognise the independence of the Republic and the sovereignty of the French people, and exile after peace, 4° yes.
Doulcet de Pontécoulant, 1° yes justified, 2° no, 3° provisional detention and expulsion after peace, 4° yes.
fr:Jacques Taveau, 1° yes justified, 2° yes, 3° death with a reprieve until our enemies attempt to invade our territory or until the adoption of the constitution, 4° yes.
fr:Thomas Jouenne-Longchamp, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° death with a reprieve until such time as the Convention decides it should take place, 4° no.
fr:Louis-Philippe Dumont, 1° yes justified, 2° yes, 3° confinement throughout the war and perpetual banishment once the republican government is solidly established, 4° yes.
fr:Gabriel de Cussy, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° confinement throughout the war and banishment after peace, 4° yes.
fr:Alexandre Legot, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° confinement throughout the war and banishment after peace, 4° yes.
Anne-Alexandre-Marie Thibault, 1° yes, 2° yes justified, 3° confinement during the war and, after peace, expulsion of Louis, his family and all the Bourbons, 4° yes.
fr: Guillaume Peuvergne, 1° oui, 2° oui, 3° confinement throughout the war and banishment after peace, 4° oui.
(*-In late 1792 Joseph Mailhes declared himself unable to accept the position of député owing to illness, and resigned. On 13 December 1792 the General Council of the Cantal department appointed fr:Jean-Pierre Malhes to replace him. Malhes had been elected as the first substitute member in the elections to the Convention in September 1792. Malhes arrived in Paris on 17 January 17, 1793 and was promptly admitted to the Convention as Mailhes' replacement. However, as neither Mailhes nor Malhes was able to participate in the roll call votes, it is Mailhes' name that appears in the register for those votes, followed by the words "absent due to illness" and "absent without cause").[11][12]
fr:Pierre-Jacques Maulde de Loisellerie, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° perpetual detention, unless exceptional measures are required when the constitution is presented for popular approval or after the end of the war, 4° yes.
fr: Jacques Sébastien Dautriche, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention until peace, after which the Convention or the legislature will take the measures it judges appropriate, 4° yes.
Charles Lambert de Belan, 1° yes, 2° yes justified, 3° imprisonment throughout the war and deportation after peace, so long as the people do not grant future legislatures the power to determine his fate otherwise, 4° sick.
fr:Nicolas-Joseph Marey, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention throughout the war and expulsion one year after the tyrants have laid down their weapons and recognised the Republic, 4° yes.
fr:Juste Rameau de La Cérée, 1° yes justified, 2° no, 3° immediate and perpetual banishment without prejudice to any measures to be taken against family, 4° yes.
fr: Guillaume Julien Pierre Goudelin, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° confinement until the end of dangers to the homeland will allow him and his family to be banished, or until a new invasion of our land obliges the Convention to take his head on the scaffold, according to the demand of the people, 4° yes.
fr:Jean Debourges, 1° yes/recused himself (sources vary), 2° yes, 3° abstained, 4° abstained.
fr:Jean-Baptiste Coutisson-Dumas, 1° yes, as a statesman and not as a judge, 2° yes, 3° confinement until the Constitution is adopted, and a law is passed specifically concerning the fate of the tyrant, 4° yes.
fr:Louis Jorrand, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war, then banishment one year after peace, 4° no.
fr:Jean-François Barailon, 1° recused himself and justified his position, 2° sick, 3° detention, until some other measure may be required for public safety, 4° yes.
fr: François Meynard, 1° made a declaration, but did not answer the question, 2° yes, 3° detention throughout the war, until after peace determining whether exceptional measures ought to be taken for the tranquility and safety of the Republic, 4° yes.
fr:Jacques-Bernardin Colaud de La Salcette, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° confinement until peace p, then banishment, but on pain of death if enemies invade the territory of the Republic, 4° yes.
Detention until the Republican government is recognised, then expulsion outside the territory of the Republic, except if enemy armies enter French territory, in which case, death.
fr:Jacques Jac, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° death with a reprieve until the acceptance of the Constitution by the people, 4° yes.
François Aubry, 1° yes, 2° yes justified, 3° death with a reprieve until after the primary assembles have been held to ratify the Constitution, 4° yes.
fr:Joseph-François Balla, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° confinement during the war and banishment after peace when public safety will allow it, 4° yes.
Jacques Antoine Rabaut-Pommier, 1° yes, 2° yes justified, 3° death with a reprieve until after the ratification of the constitutional decrees, 4° yes.
Jean-Pierre Chazal, 1° yes, 2° yes justified, 3° death with the Mailhe amendment, 4° yes.
fr:Antoine Berthezène, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° death with a reprieve until after the primary assemblies have been held or the Constitution has been presented for popular approval, 4° yes.
fr:Jean-François Curée, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° confinement during the war and deportation after peace, 4° yes.
Jacques Joseph Viennet, 1° yes, 2° yes justified, 3° confinement until peace or until the European powers recognise the independence of the Republic; thereafter banishment on pain of death, 4° yes.
Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° punishment established against conspirators but suspension of the decree and confinement until the cessation of hostilities, at which time the fate of Louis should be finally determined, however immediate execution of the decree in the event of invasion of French territory, 4° yes.
fr: Ignace Brunel, 1° yes, 2° yes, detention in perpetuity, or deportation according to the circumstances, 4° yes.
fr:Jean-Denis Lanjuinais, 1° yes, without being tried, 2° yes, 3° confinement until peace and banishment afterwards, on pain of death if he returns to France, 4° yes.
fr: François-Marie Jan du Bignon, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° detention until the forthcoming primary assemblies, which may confirm or commute the punishment, 4° no.
fr:Gilles Porcher de Lissonay, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention until peace and stability of the government, allowing him to be banned forever from the territory of the Republic, 4° yes.
fr:André Réal, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war, with this punishment to be commuted in calmer times to perpetual banishment, 4° no.
fr:Pierre Joseph Didier Boissieu, 1° yes, 2° as a judge no, as a legislator yes (the “no” vote was recorded), 3° confinement during the war and banishment after peace, 4° no.
fr:Jean-Baptiste Pierre Saurine, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention of Louis and all his family in a safe place until peace is solidly established, unless we then take such a course as we deem expedient, 4° yes.
fr:François-Joseph Jary, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° confinement until peace and perpetual banishment once the republican government is solidly established, 4° yes.
fr:Pierre Coustard, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° confinement until peace and banishment after the war, 4° yes.
fr: Bon Thomas Pellé, 1° yes, not as a judge but as a member of a legislative and political body, 2° no, 3° detention during the war and perpetual deportation thereafter, 4° yes.
Deportation of Louis, his wife and his two children to one of our most inaccessible islands, guarded by a corps of Parisians until thus measure is judged no longer appropriate
Death with a reprieve until foreign powers seek to invade the territory of the Republic; if they do not, the Convention should consider whether there are grounds for commuting the sentence.
Death with a reprieve until foreign powers seek to invade the territory of the Republic; if they do not, the Convention should consider whether there are grounds for commuting the sentence.
Death with a reprieve until foreign powers seek to invade the territory of the Republic; if they do not, the Convention should consider whether there are grounds for commuting the sentence.
fr:Luc-François Lalande, 1° I declare that I am not a judge and in consequence I say neither yes nor no, 2° yes, 3° banishment as quickly as possible, 4° yes.
Pierre Michel, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention until the end of the war and banishment after peace, 4° yes.
fr:Joseph Zangiacomi, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war and banishment when public security permits, 4° yes.
fr:Pierre Lehardy, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention as long as the Republic remains at risk, or until the people accept the Constitution, then banishment along with all the Bourbons, 4° yes.
fr: Vincent Claude Corbel, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° detention as a hostage, unless exceptional measures need to be taken if the territory of the Republic is invaded, 4° no.
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° provisional detention, then banishment when there will be no danger in proceeding to carry out this decree, 4° yes.
fr:Antoine Delamarre, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° confinement until six months after peace is established, then banishment without the power to return, on pain of death, 4° yes.
fr:Pierre François Nicolas Plet-Beauprey, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° death with a reprieve until the National Convention has taken measures to ensure that the family of the Bourbons, particularly Philippe-Égalité, can not damage the establishment of a united and indivisible Republic, 4° yes.
fr:Pierre-François Duboë, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the current war and perpetual banishment after peace, on pain of death if he should return to French territory, 4° yes.
fr:Jean-Jacques Thomas, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° detention until peace on condition that Louis will suffer death the moment the powers invade our territory, 4° yes.
Jean Henri Bancal des Issarts, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° imprisonment as a hostage, to answer with his head if the enemy invades French territory, and after the war, perpetual banishment, 4° yes.
fr:Jean-Baptiste Girot-Pouzol, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention until peace, and then perpetual banishment of the whole family, 4° yes.
Barthélémy-Jean-Baptiste Sanadon, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention, until the Republic is recognised by the powers of Europe; then banishment, on pain of death, 4° yes.
Antoine Conte, 1° I vote yes as a legislator. As a judge I have nothing to say, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war, and banishment after peace, on pain of death, 4° yes.
fr:Joseph Pémartin, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° detention, and perpetual banishment after peace, 4° yes.
fr:Arnaud Jean Meillan, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention and banishment after the Republic has been consolidated, 4° yes.
fr:Antoine Casenave, 1° oui, 2° yes, 3° confinement of Louis and his family, until after peace, then perpetual exile, 4° yes.
fr:Étienne Neveu, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention for as long as the war lasts, unless exceptional measures are required depending on the circumstances after peace, 4° yes.
fr: Pierre Dupont de Bigorre, 1° yes, 2° yes justified, 3° death with a reprieve until the territory of the Republic is purged of the Bourbons, 4° yes.
Brice Gertoux, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° detention during the war and banishment after peace, 4° yes.
fr: Jean-Pierre Picqué, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° death, with a reprieve until the end of hostilities, 4° yes.
Death with a reprieve if our enemies leave us in peace; in this case Louis should only be exiled outside the territory of the Republic, when the Constitution has perfectly bedded in
Death with a reprieve until the time when the Republic enjoys the full benefits of its new Constitution and peace is securely established; execution of the death warrant in the event of a new invasion of our territory
fr:Gabriel-René-Louis Salmon, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° confinement during the war, and expulsion from the territory of the Republic after peace and the establishment of the Constitution, 4° yes.
fr: Antoine-François Hardy, 1° yes, 2° abstained, 3° detention until the end of the war and banishment after peace, 4° yes.
fr: Jean-Baptiste Yger, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war and banishment afterwards, 4° yes.
fr: Charles-Robert Hecquet, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention until the end of the war and banishment after peace, on pain of death, 4° yes.
Jean-Pierre Duval, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention until the end of the war and banishment after peace, 4° yes.
fr: Pierre-Charles-Victor Vincent, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war, and banishment for Louis and his family when the nation judges it suitable, 4° yes.
fr: Jacques Christophe Luc Mariette, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war and banishment thereafter, and nonetheless death in the event that foreign powers make some efforts in his favour, 4° yes.
Pierre Philippe Doublet, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention and banishment after the consolidation of the Republic, 4° yes.
fr: Alexandre-Jean Ruault, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° detention and banishment after the consolidation of the Republic, 4° yes.
fr: Jean-Nicolas Viquy, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° imprisonment until peace and then perpetual banishment, 4° yes.
fr: Marie-Joseph Geoffroy, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war and deportation after peace, 4° yes.
fr: Claude Bernard des Sablons, 1° yes, as a holder of a mandate from the people, but I do not wish to fulfil the role of a judge, 2° yes, 3° death with a reprieve until the Constitution has been accepted, 4° yes.
fr: Christophe Opoix, 1° yes, 2° abstained, 3° detention until peace and then deportation, 4° yes.
fr: Jean-Claude Defrance, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° detention during the war and banishment after peace, 4° yes.
fr: Louis-Toussaint-Cécile Bernier, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° imprisonment until the Constitution is accepted. Then the people should decide his fate, 4° yes.
Charles-Jean-Marie Alquier, 1° yes, 2° no, 3° death with a reprieve until a peace is signed, then the punishment to be executed or commuted, but execution of the sentence in the event of a foreign invasion of French territory, 4° yes.
Antoine Joseph Gorsas, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war and perpetual banishment after peace, 4° no.
Charles-François Dupuis, 1° yes, as a representative of the people and not as a judge, 2° no, 3° detention, until the consolidation of the Constitution, at which point the people should pronounce on the fate of Louis, as it may judge appropriate, 4° yes.
fr: Louis-Alexandre Devérité, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war and banishment when the motherland is safe, 4° yes.
fr: Jean-Baptiste Delecloy, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° death with a reprieve until the signing of a peace, but the sentence should be carried out if the enemy appears at our frontiers, 4° yes.
fr:Charles Alexis Brûlart de Sillery, 1° yes, 2° yes, 3° detention during the war, then banishment in perpetuity after the consolidation of the Republic, 4° yes.
Death with a reprieve until the time when enemies invade on our territory; if peace is agreed, then until a time determined by the National Convention or the legislative body.
Death with a reprieve until the Constitution has been accepted by the people, and the Bourbon family has removed itself from the soil of liberty, unless French territory is invaded by foreign troops.
Detention, if not perpetual banishment on condition of an advantageous peace, or of pronouncing his death if the sovereign people or some particular circumstances require it.
Note: During the session on Friday January 18, Gasparin and Delacroix reported errors “in the statement of the decree issued yesterday”. After checking, it turned out that the number of voters and the absolute majority remained the same, but that the votes of the 26 deputies who had voted for death with the Mailhe amendment ought to have been counted as voting unconditionally for death. The number of deputies who voted for unconditional death was therefore 387.
^Robert; Cougny (1891). Dictionnaire des Parlementaires. Vol. 4. Paris: Bourloton. p. 241. Archived from the original on 31 January 2025. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
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