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Aube (French pronunciation: [ob] ⓘ ohb) is a French department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France. As with sixty departments in France, this department is named after a river: the Aube. With 310,242 inhabitants (2019),[3] Aube is the 74th department in terms of population. The inhabitants of the department are known as Aubois or Auboises.[4]

Key Information

The department was constituted by a decree of the National Assembly of 15 January 1790.

Geography

[edit]

Location

[edit]
Entry to the Aube department from Route N77

The Aube department is located in the southwest side of the Grand Est region. It borders the departments of Marne in the north (about 130 km long), Haute-Marne to the east (about 100 km long), Côte-d'Or in the southeast (about 45 km long), Yonne in the southwest (about 175 km long), and Seine-et-Marne in the west (about 45 km long).[5]

Subregions of Aube

[edit]
Map of natural and traditional regions of the department.

Within the department regions of natural or traditional countryside can be identified as follows:

  • northwest quarter: Champagne crayeuse (chalky Champagne soil)
  • northwestern tip: the Nogentais
  • southwest of Troyes: the Othe region
  • to the south: le Chaourçois
  • to the northeast: the Briennois
  • to the east: the Barrois
  • between Troyes and Barrois: Champagne wetlands

Communes of Aube

[edit]
Main article: Communes of the Aube department

Aube is divided into 431 communes totalling 310,242 inhabitants (2019). The most populous commune is the prefecture Troyes. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:[3]

Commune Population (2019)
Troyes 61,957
Romilly-sur-Seine 14,480
Saint-André-les-Vergers 12,784
La Chapelle-Saint-Luc 11,741
Sainte-Savine 10,508

All of those communes, except Romilly-sur-Seine, are part of the agglomeration of Troyes.

Topography and geology

[edit]
Altitude of the main towns of Aube
Troyes Romilly-sur-Seine Bar-sur-Aube Nogent-sur-Seine
Lowest Altitude 100 metres 67 metres 156 metres 60 metres
Highest Altitude 126 metres 112 metres 348 metres 113 metres
Average Altitude 113 metres 90 metres 252 metres 87 metres
Town Hall Altitude 107 metres 77 metres 165 metres 71 metres

Hydrography

[edit]
The Seine at Bar-sur-Seine

There are 23 rivers throughout the department,[Note 1] the four main rivers being the Seine, the Aube (tributary of the Seine), the Armance (tributary of the Armançon), and the Vanne (a tributary of the Yonne).

Forests and lakes

[edit]
Temple Lake seen from the dam

The department has 140,000 hectares of forests.[6]

Located in the Community of communes of Forests, lakes, and lands in Champagne, the Orient Forest Regional Natural Park was one of the first natural parks created in France.

In the same place, there is the Orient Lake and the Amance and Temple lakes where fishing, recreational water sports, and bathing are available. Each lake specialises in one or more of these activities.

Climate

[edit]

The climate is moderate without intense cold or excessive heat which represents a climate similar to continental and oceanic.

Between 1950 and 1985 the average annual temperature recorded in the department was 10.1 °C[7] which is equivalent to the Paris basin and the cities of north-eastern France. The average sunshine hours per year is 1771.

Average annual rainfall is quite high (653.4 mm over 115 days of rain[7]). In general there is more rain in autumn than in winter but rainfall is highest during spring. In contrast summer is the season when rainfall is lowest. There is, however, more rain in the south-east than the north-west.

Snow is relatively infrequent. Prevailing wind is from the west.

Town Sunshine

(hours/yr) 		Rain

(mm/yr)		 Snow

(days/yr)		 Storm

(days/yr)		 Fog

(days/yr)
National average 1,973 770 14 22 40
Troyes[9] 1,817 645 15 17 38
Paris 1,661 637 12 18 10
Nice 2,724 767 1 29 1
Strasbourg 1,693 665 29 29 56
Brest 1,605 1,211 7 12 75
Climate data for Troyes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2) 		7.7
(45.9) 		11.9
(53.4) 		15.2
(59.4) 		19.5
(67.1) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.7
(78.3) 		25.4
(77.7) 		21.2
(70.2) 		16.3
(61.3) 		10.1
(50.2) 		6.7
(44.1) 		15.7
(60.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6) 		3.7
(38.7) 		7.0
(44.6) 		9.5
(49.1) 		13.7
(56.7) 		16.7
(62.1) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.0
(66.2) 		15.4
(59.7) 		11.6
(52.9) 		6.6
(43.9) 		3.8
(38.8) 		10.8
(51.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		2.0
(35.6) 		3.7
(38.7) 		7.8
(46.0) 		10.7
(51.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		12.6
(54.7) 		9.6
(49.3) 		6.8
(44.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		0.8
(33.4) 		5.8
(42.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 50.5
(1.99) 		42.1
(1.66) 		47.7
(1.88) 		50.9
(2.00) 		61.7
(2.43) 		56.6
(2.23) 		54.4
(2.14) 		52.2
(2.06) 		53.3
(2.10) 		63.6
(2.50) 		51.2
(2.02) 		60.6
(2.39) 		644.8
(25.39)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 10.0 8.4 10.3 9.1 10.1 8.6 7.2 7.0 7.5 9.6 9.8 10.6 108.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 69 88 144 185 215 229 235 228 179 124 67 54 1,817
Source: Meteorological data for Troyes – 112 m altitude, from 1981 to 2010 January 2015 (in French)

Channels of communication and transport

[edit]

Road network

[edit]

The department has 150 km of autoroutes, 33 km of national roads, 4,517 km of departmental roads and 2,116 km of local roads.[10]

Communal transport

[edit]

In the Agglomeration of Troyes TCAT (Transport for the Communes of Troyes) provides a transport network between communes. Unlike many networks that are provided by other operators, the agglomeration community of the city is the owner of the company.[11] The network currently serves eleven communes including two outside the Troyes agglomeration. Other cities, including Romilly-sur-Seine, have no transport network.[12]

Aube also has intercity transport networks. 21 regular bus routes are operated between the major cities of the department. The use of these lines is entrusted to private coaches: Transdev – The Carriers of Aube has 15 routes,[13] Keolis Sud Lorraine has 4 routes,[14] Procars Champagne has 2 routes,[15] Autocars Bardy has one route.[16]

Rail network

[edit]
Troyes Station

Five railway stations are currently in operation. These are: Nogent-sur-Seine, Romilly-sur-Seine, Troyes, Vendeuvre-sur-Barse, Bar-sur-Aube.

Aube does not have a strong rail coverage. Only one main non-electrified line passes through Aube – the line that connects Paris-Est to Mulhouse.

[edit]

The department has 34.8 km of navigable waterways.[10] The city of Nogent-sur-Seine has two river ports for grain.[17]

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]

The first inhabitants of Aube were the Tricasses and Lingones with a substantial human settlement around the year 400 BC.

Saints Potentian and Savinian,[18] Greek priests from Samos, came to preach the gospel from the middle of the 3rd century. Saint Patroclus was one of the first martyrs of the new faith in the year 259. Shortly after Saint Jule and some notables of the city of Tricasses also suffered martyrdom. Nevertheless, as elsewhere, the Christian community became large enough to accommodate a bishop. Saint Amateur was the first in 340. In the year 286 the Bagaudae ravaged the land which forms Aube. Emperor Julian came to Troyes with his army and rescued it.

The territory making up Aube was first attached to France in 843, following the Treaty of Verdun.

The 12th century and the monasteries

[edit]
The Abbey of Clairvaux: today a prison

Two important monasteries were founded in the department: one at Clairvaux in 1114, created by Bernard of Clairvaux, the other was the Abbey of the Paraclete near Nogent-sur-Seine, by his illustrious rival, Pierre Abélard and of which Héloïse d'Argenteuil was the first abbess. Bernard of Clairvaux was noted for his eloquence at the Council of Troyes and his preaching of the Second Crusade which had no result and whose outcome was disastrous.

The reunion of Champagne with the kingdom of France was finalised in 1361. Yet people wanted absolutely the incorporation of Champagne but in 1328 King Philip VI gave the city of Bar-sur-Seine to Philippe de Croy. The inhabitants, however, ransomed him to return it to the king on the condition that it become inalienable.

Definitive reunion with Kingdom of France

[edit]

The decree of the National Assembly of 15 January 1790 formally established the department of Aube. Its first president was Augustin-Henri-Marie Picot[19] and his first deputy was Louis Antoine Joseph Robin. Jacques Claude Beugnot was elected attorney-general and also MP.[19]

After the victory of the allies in the battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815, the department was occupied by Russian troops from June 1815 to November 1818.

In 1911, following the revolt of the vineyards of Champagne, large riots broke out in the department.

In 1919, a decree allowed Aube department to produce champagne for the first time.[20]

In 1932, Turkish president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk visited Aube and signed a friendship treaty with France there on 4 July 1938.[21]

Heraldry

[edit]
Arms of Aube
Arms of Aube
 Blazon:

Azure, a band argent with two cotises potent and counter potent in Or, chief wavy in argent.



Politics and administration

[edit]

Departmental council

[edit]

The departmental council of Aube is located in Troyes. Its president is Philippe Pichery (Miscellaneous right). It includes the 34 councillors of the 17 cantons of Aube. Of these, 32 are from the Right (mainly the UMP), the others are from the Miscellaneous left.

Aube returns three Deputies to the National Assembly, two of whom are from The Republicans (LR), and two Senators: one UMP and one right-wing independent.

Presidential elections 2nd round

[edit]
Election Winning candidate Party % 2nd place candidate Party %
2022 Emmanuel Macron LREM 48.32 Marine Le Pen RN 51.68
2017[22] Emmanuel Macron LREM 54.15 Marine Le Pen FN 45.85
2012 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 57.37 François Hollande PS 42.63
2007 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 61.70 Ségolène Royal PS 38.30
2002[22] Jacques Chirac RPR 76.87 Jean-Marie Le Pen FN 23.13
1995[23] Jacques Chirac RPR 55.30 Lionel Jospin PS 44.70

Current National Assembly Representatives

[edit]
Constituency Member[24] Party
Aube's 1st constituency Grégory Besson-Moreau La République En Marche!
Aube's 2nd constituency Valérie Bazin-Malgras The Republicans
Aube's 3rd constituency Angélique Ranc National Rally
Seats in the Departmental Council by Political Party
Party Abbrev. No. Members
Left Wing
Socialist Party PS 2
Communist Party PCF 2
Miscellaneous left DVG 1
Europe Ecology – The Greens EELV 1
Right Wing
Democratic Movement MoDem 1
New Centre NC 2
Miscellaneous right DVD 10
Union for a Popular Movement UMP 13
Independent
Independent SE 1
President of the General Council

Demography

[edit]

Aube is inhabited by 310,242 people with more than a third (137,500 inhabitants) living in the Troyes agglomeration (2019).[25]

Demographic change

[edit]

In 2017, the department had 310,020 inhabitants.

Distribution of age groups

[edit]

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Aube Department in 2017

Aube
Age Range Men Women
0 to 14 Years 19.4 17.3
15 to 29 Years 17.9 16.2
30 to 44 Years 18.2 17.4
45 to 59 Years 19.9 19.2
60 to 74 Years 17.0 17.7
75 to 89 Years 7.0 10.3
90 Years+ 0.7 1.9

Source: INSEE[28]

Breakdown of population by socio-professional categories

[edit]
Population of 15 years or more by sex, age, and socio-professional category
socio-professionnel category 2017 2007 1999
Nb % Nb % Nb %
Total 253,551 246,346 236,393
Farmers and Farm workers 4,319 1.7 5,094 2.1 5,408 2.3
Artisans, shopkeepers, business managers 7,701 3.0 7,232 2.9 7,619 3.2
Executives and Intellectuals 13,896 5.5 12,656 5.1 9,435 4.0
Intermediate Professions 30,540 12.0 28,805 11.7 24,953 10.6
Employees 41,091 16.2 40,276 16.3 35,303 14.9
Workers 38,672 15.3 43,950 17.8 47,771 20.2
Retirees 75,918 29.9 68,138 27.7 58,706 24.8
Others without occupation 41,414 16.3 40,194 16.3 47,198 20.0
Source : INSEE Census 2017[29]

Economy

[edit]

General

[edit]

The economy of Aube has focused on the textile industry since the 19th century. This sector is now in crisis due to the department being in an area of real economic change.

In 2017, the departmental workforce totalled 137,774 with 114,530 persons in employment and 23,244 people unemployed. Men accounted for 51.4% of the active population and women 48.6%.[29]

The Aube department has a high rate of feminization in employment. Nearly half of people with active jobs (48.1% in 2017) are women. The main areas affected by the feminization are trade, transport, textiles, utilities, education, and health. Women are slightly more affected than men by unemployment (51.3% of the unemployed in 2017). This is mainly due to layoffs in the textile sector.

Employment by sector

[edit]

Distribution of Employment by Industry sector (2015)

  Agriculture Industry Construction Commerce[Note 2] Public Administration[Note 3]
Aube 3.4% 17.9% 6.7% 39.6% 32.4%
Source: INSEE[29]

Main economic sectors

[edit]

Industry

[edit]
Large Industrial Companies[10]
No. of Employees
Petit Bateau (Textiles) 1,022
Devanlay (Textiles) 1,018
Soufflet (Cereals) 874
Kléber (Pneumatics) 790
Vachette (Locks) 600
Mefro Roues (Wheel rims) 584
Valco (Furniture) 575
Petitjean (Public lighting) 567
Jacquot (Chocolate) 550

Tourism

[edit]
Accommodations[10]
No. Establishments
Hotels 66 1,991 rooms
Camping 23 1,618 places
Holiday Cottages 310 2,006 places

Agriculture

[edit]
Harvesting hemp at Saint-Flavy

The utilized agricultural area is 379,720 hectares. Aube is the largest producer of hemp; the 2nd largest producer of champagne, cabbage for sauerkraut, medicinal poppies, and alfalfa; the 6th largest producer of potatoes; the 8th largest producer of cereals; and the 9th largest producer of beet in France.[10]

Population and society

[edit]

Education

[edit]
An old school at Troyes

Primary and secondary

[edit]

In 2010 elementary and secondary education consisted of:

  • 11,568 students in kindergarten across 136 schools (including 1 private);[30]
  • 18,465 students in primary school across 255 schools (including 14 private);[30]
  • 12,311 students in college across 34 institutions (including 9 private);[31]
  • 5,199 students in schools of general education across 10 institutions (including 3 private);[31]
  • 2,666 students in vocational high school across 10 institutions (including 3 private).[31]

Higher education

[edit]

According to the latest census of the academic inspectorate of Aube in 2009 the department has 8,794 students in higher education.[10][Note 4]

List of Universities and Higher Educational Schools

Public Schools

Private Schools

  • Graduate School of Commerce in Troyes
  • Supinfo

Health

[edit]
List of Hospitals and Health Clinics[10]
Hospitals and Clinics
Type of Institution No. of Institutions
Hospital 4
Clinic 7
Children's Institutions
Type of Institution No. of Institutions
Child Protection 12
Handicapped Children's Centre 18
Institutions for Handicapped Adults
Type of Institution No. of Institutions
Institution to help for work 8
Businesses adapted for handicapped people 2
Professional rehabilitation Centres 1
Specialised Foster Homes 2
Accommodation Facilities 20
Residential Home Care for the autistic 2
Home Care 2
Institutions for the Elderly
Type of Institution No. of Institutions
Nursing Homes for the Elderly (EHPAD) 38
Home Housing 10
Long Term Care Units (USLD) 5
Group Homes 1
Home Care 7
Rural Homes for the Elderly 1

Sports

[edit]
The Aube Stadium is the residence of the ES Troyes AC football club.

There are 580 clubs and sports associations in the Aube department.[32] The main ones are:

  • ES Troyes AC: soccer club in the French Ligue 1;
  • ETAC Handball: Handball Club at National Level 3;
  • Union Sportive de Sainte Maure Troyes Handball: Women's handball club at National Level 1;
  • Pygargues of Troyes: american football club in Division 2;
  • PLAVB (Troyes): volleyball club at Regional one;
  • SUMA (Troyes): Motoball club of France (one of the most successful) moved to elite since the 1930s;
  • Troyes roller hockey: roller hockey club playing at National Level 2;
  • Espadons (Swordfish )(Troyes): baseball club playing at Regional Level 1;
  • Romilly Association for Sports 10: which includes multiple sections.

Media

[edit]

Radio

[edit]

At Troyes there are three independent local radio stations:

  • Radio Latitude: that broadcasts programming focused on the dance floor. This was the first local radio station in the department. It broadcasts from Troyes, Romilly-sur-Seine, and Vendeuvre-sur-Barse
  • Theme Radio: community radio broadcasting music and information flashes
  • Troyes Campus radio: rock music oriented radio and sometimes rap

At Romilly-sur-Seine, in addition to Latitude Radio, there is a local independent radio broadcaster: Radio Aube et Seine.

French Christian Radio (RCF) Aube is located in the department.

Television

[edit]
  • Canal 32: television network with a local Troyes and department station
  • France 3 Aube (France 3 Lorraine Champagne-Ardenne)

Daily newspapers

[edit]
Name Place Distribution Area Press Group Circulation[33]
L'Est-Éclair Saint-André-les-Vergers (agglomération de Troyes) Aube Groupe Hersant Média 27,948
Libération Champagne Troyes Aube Groupe Hersant Média 6,395

Justice

[edit]

All Aube jurisdictions are located in Troyes. The city has a Tribunal d'instance and a High Court, a commercial court and an Employment Tribunal for civil and criminal jurisdictions. There is also a Correctional court and a Juvenile court.

Appeals, however, are passed to the Court of Appeal in Reims.[34]

Waste management

[edit]

Aube currently has two storage facilities for radioactive waste:

  • Storage Centre for Very Low Activity Waste (CSTFA)
  • Storage Centre for Low and Medium Activity Waste (CSFMA)

Culture and heritage

[edit]

Cultural venues

[edit]

Theatres and concerts

[edit]
  • The Cube – in the Parc des Expositions in Troyes
  • Champagne Theatre
  • Théâtre of la Madeleine
  • Argence space

Cinemas

[edit]

The four main theatres are:

Cultural festivities

[edit]
  • Festival in Othe
  • Aube Templiers 2012 event

Gastronomy

[edit]
Andouillette from Troyes.

Monuments and tourist sites

[edit]
The castle of La Motte-Tilly

The Aube has 365 historical monuments of which 144 are classified, and 221 are enrolled.[35]

Castles

[edit]

Museums

[edit]
Hall in the style of Baltard d'Aix en Othe

[36]

Other historic sites

[edit]
The Hôtel de Ville in Troyes

Tourist places

[edit]

Notable people linked to the department

[edit]
Signature of Danton.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Aube

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Aube is a department in northeastern , part of the Grand Est region and numbered 10 in the national administrative system, named for the Aube River, its principal waterway and a right-bank tributary of the . With its in , the department spans 6,004 km² and had a of 311,076 residents in 2022, yielding a density of 51.8 inhabitants per km². Established in 1790 during the French Revolution's reorganization of territories, Aube encompasses diverse landscapes from the Champagne chalk plains to forested plateaus, positioned at the intersection of major European transport routes roughly 90 minutes east of . Its economy centers on , particularly champagne viticulture in the Côte des Bar area, alongside industrial sectors including automotive parts manufacturing and logistics, though it underwent restructuring from a historic base in the late . The department features notable heritage sites such as the medieval old town of with its half-timbered houses and the former , now a , reflecting its long history tied to monastic and commercial influences. Inhabitants, known as Aubois, benefit from proximity to while maintaining rural character, with serving as the economic and cultural hub concentrating over 40% of the population in its agglomeration.

Geography

Location and Borders

The Aube department is situated in the western portion of the Grand Est region in northeastern , approximately 150 kilometers southeast of . It occupies a central position within the historical province of Champagne, with its at . The department spans 6,004 square kilometers, encompassing diverse landscapes from the Champagne crayeuse plateau in the north to forested plateaus in the south. Aube shares borders with five French departments: to the north with Marne, to the east with , to the southeast with , to the southwest with , and to the west with . These boundaries follow natural features such as river valleys and geological divides, with no international frontiers. The department's western edge approaches the region, facilitating connectivity to the via road and rail networks.

Administrative Subdivisions

The department of Aube is divided into three arrondissements: Bar-sur-Aube, Nogent-sur-Seine, and , with serving as the and seat of the departmental administration. Each arrondissement is headed by a subprefect, except for , which is directly under . The arrondissements facilitate the implementation of national policies at the local level and coordinate public services. These arrondissements are further subdivided into 17 cantons, a implemented following the 2013 territorial reform to better align electoral districts with intercommunal cooperation structures (établissements publics de coopération intercommunale or ). The cantons, such as Aix-Villemaur-Pâlis, Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Aube, and Troyes-1 through Troyes-5, each elect two departmental councilors, totaling 34 councilors for the department. At the base level, the cantons encompass 431 communes as of January 1, 2024, ranging from small rural villages to larger urban centers like , the departmental capital with approximately 62,000 inhabitants. Communes exercise local governance through elected municipal councils and mayors, handling services such as , , and . Many communes participate in , such as the Grand Troyes agglomeration community, which groups over 90 communes for joint projects including and transportation.

Topography and Geology

The topography of Aube is characterized by low relief typical of the eastern , with elevations ranging from a minimum of 58 in the River valley to a maximum of 372 at Bois du Mont in the commune of Magnicourt-sur-Aube. The department's landscape features extensive flat to undulating plains in the north, transitioning southward to dissected plateaus and low hills, including the Forêt d'Othe and the edges of the Plateau, where slopes reach up to 100 in river incisions. Average elevation across the 6,004 square kilometer area stands at about 174 , supporting arable farming and on the calcareous slopes of the Côte des Bar. Geologically, Aube occupies the southeastern margin of the , a vast sedimentary depression filled with and strata deposited in marine and lagoonal environments. Dominant formations include limestones and marls overlain by chalk and greensands, with Tertiary sands and clays in the north; these sequences, up to several hundred meters thick, dip gently westward and form cuestas and vales aligned with the basin's structure. The chalky and limestones, resistant to erosion, underpin the Champagne appellation's soils, while covers much of the plains, contributing to but also risks in steeper areas. A key geological highlight is the Aube Valley's role as the type locality for the stage (Lower , approximately 113 to 100 million years ago), established by Alcide d'Orbigny in 1842 based on ammonite-bearing clays and sands exposed in local quarries. These strata, including the clays and underlying greensands, record a transgressive phase and yield diverse invertebrate fossils, informing global stratigraphic correlations despite local tectonic stability.

Hydrography

The Aube department is situated within the Seine-Normandie hydrological basin and features a network of rivers primarily draining into the . The , the department's principal waterway, flows northwestward through its northern and central portions, passing the prefecture of and supporting navigation up to 1,000-1,500 tonne vessels at Nogent-sur-Seine. The Aube River, namesake of the department and a major right-bank tributary of the , originates in the neighboring department and traverses Aube for much of its 249 km course before joining the at Marcilly-sur-Seine at an elevation of 66 meters. Its basin covers approximately 4,660 km², with principal tributaries including the Aujon (68 km), Voire (56 km), Auzon (39.5 km), and Superbe (39.5 km). Additional Seine tributaries in Aube encompass the Sarce, Barse, Ource, and Laignes, contributing to a diverse hydrographic system that historically powered local mills and industries. Artificial reservoirs dominate the southeastern hydrography, particularly within the Forêt d'Orient. The Lakes of Amance, Temple, and Orient, constructed between the 1930s and 1970s, serve flood regulation for the Seine, collectively offering substantial storage capacity while supporting recreation and biodiversity.

Forests, Biodiversity, and Lakes

The department of Aube encompasses approximately 140,000 hectares of forests, constituting a major ecological feature amid its predominantly rural landscape. The Orient Forest Regional Nature Park, designated in 1980 and covering 82,000 hectares, protects extensive woodlands including the Forêt d'Orient, which spans about 20,000 hectares of predominantly oak and hornbeam stands, many centuries old. Other notable forested areas include the Forêt de Piney and the Othe forest, classified as a national nature reserve, contributing to the region's woodland reserves that harbor diverse plant communities. Biodiversity within these forests and surrounding is substantial, particularly for avian species, with over 250 birds recorded, including 130 breeding species and 80 migrants such as the (Haliaeetus albicilla), Bewick's swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii), and (Crex crex). The park supports 13 amphibian species, all protected or regulated, alongside mammals like wild boars, deer, otters, and wild cats, and over 650 species. Wetlands and heathlands further enhance variety, fostering , reptiles, and rare adapted to the continental climate. The park's three reservoir lakes—Lac d'Orient (2,500 hectares, the department's largest), Lac Amance, and Lac du Temple—collectively cover 4,620 hectares and were engineered between 1964 and 1974 to regulate Aube River flow and avert flooding downstream toward . These artificial lakes, integrated into forested settings, bolster through 29,436 hectares of wetlands, attracting 20,000 to 40,000 wintering waterfowl and serving as ornithological hotspots for like black (Ciconia nigra) and common cranes (Grus grus). Lac d'Orient emphasizes and , Lac Amance permits motorized , and Lac du Temple focuses on and natural observation, with surrounding marshes protected as key ecological corridors.

Climate

The Aube department features a temperate (Köppen Cfb) with continental influences, characterized by mild summers, cold winters, and moderate year-round precipitation. The region's exposure to westerly oceanic flows moderates extremes, though easterly continental air masses contribute to greater winter cold and summer warmth compared to coastal , with frequent frosts averaging 80 days annually. In , the departmental prefecture and primary climate reference station, the annual mean is 11.5 °C, based on long-term observations. Winters span from mid-November to early , with daily maximums typically below 10 °C and frequent sub-zero nights; averages 3 °C overall. Summers, from early May to mid-September, see minimums above 10 °C, peaking in at an average high of 25 °C and low of 13 °C. Precipitation averages 640 mm annually at Troyes-Barberey station, occurring over approximately 188 days, with no pronounced but slightly higher totals in autumn and spring. Sunshine duration reaches about 1,800 hours per year, equivalent to roughly 209 sunny days. Department-wide records from 1950–1985 show a baseline mean of 10.1 °C, but recent measurements indicate warming, with the average rising to 12.3 °C by 2024 from 11.0 °C in 1999, consistent with broader European trends.
MonthAvg. High (°C)Avg. Low (°C)Precipitation (mm)
January5.81.152
February7.11.546
March12.03.850
April15.76.347
May19.610.056
June22.813.155
July25.414.860
August25.114.657
September21.311.555
October15.88.357
November9.44.358
December6.21.956
These monthly averages for Troyes derive from historical data at the Barberey station, reflecting typical variability with occasional summer thunderstorms and winter snow events. Southern and eastern areas of Aube exhibit marginally more continental conditions, with greater diurnal temperature swings and reduced oceanic moderation.

Transportation Networks

The Aube department is connected to the national motorway network primarily via the A5 autoroute, which links the Paris region to the Langres plateau and passes through southern parts of the department, including near Fresnoy-le-Château, facilitating access from the capital. The A26 autoroute, extending from Calais through Reims to Troyes, provides northern European connections and serves as a key route for the prefecture. These highways support freight and passenger traffic, with the Aube benefiting from its position on routes between Paris and eastern France. Rail transport in Aube relies on the network, particularly the Paris-Est to Mulhouse-Ville line, which traverses the department via stations at , Romilly-sur-Seine, Nogent-sur-Seine, Vendeuvre-sur-Barse, and Bar-sur-Aube. The station serves as the main hub, offering regional TER trains and connections to , with journey times to averaging about 1.5 hours. Freight lines also support local industry, though passenger services focus on intercity links. Air travel is handled by Troyes-Barberey Airport, located 2 km northwest of in Barberey-Saint-Sulpice, which accommodates , on-demand flights, and small aircraft operations but lacks scheduled commercial services. Residents often use nearby Paris-Vatry Airport for larger commercial flights. Water transport includes the fluvial port on the River, enabling barge traffic for goods in northern Aube. Public bus services are operated by companies such as Transdev's Les Courriers de l'Aube, providing 21 intercity routes connecting major towns like to surrounding areas, with private shuttles linking to Paris airports and stations. The department's logistics park near further enhances multimodal freight handling, integrating road, rail, and river options for regional distribution.

History

Prehistory and Roman Era

The Aube department's prehistory is characterized by limited evidence of early human settlement, primarily due to the region's marshy terrain and frequent flooding from the Seine and Aube rivers, which rendered much of the area inhospitable until later periods. Archaeological investigations reveal scant Paleolithic or Neolithic remains, with the earliest significant finds dating to the late Bronze Age and Iron Age, associated with proto-Celtic and Celtic populations. These include tumuli and burials indicating emerging social hierarchies, such as the elite Iron Age tumulus at Creney-près-Troyes ('Le Paradis'), featuring mineralized textiles on horse harnesses and weapons that suggest high-status equestrian warriors. The (Hallstatt and La Tène periods) saw more substantial activity, linked to Gallic tribes including the Tricasses, whose territory encompassed the area. Princely burials from the , such as the richly furnished grave at Lavau containing Greek imports like a and Mediterranean amphorae, point to networks and trade with , reflecting a powerful local . Further evidence comes from the Barbuise in Aube, where bioarchaeological analysis of over 100 individuals from the 5th–2nd centuries BC shows genetic continuity with local populations and mobility patterns consistent with expansions. Warrior burials, including a 4th–3rd century BC at Buchères with iron weapons and horse gear, underscore militaristic societies amid regional conflicts. The Roman era transformed the region following Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul in 52–51 BC, integrating it into the province of . The Tricasses' evolved into Augustobona Tricassium (modern ), a capital named in honor of Emperor , with urban development accelerating from the 30s AD under through systematic land drainage to combat flooding. This Gallo-Roman city, spanning about 80 hectares by the early centuries AD, featured a forum, temples, baths, and an aqueduct, serving as a hub for the Tricassium with a population estimated at 6,000. Augustobona's strategic location at the intersection of major , including the Via Agrippa linking to via , facilitated trade in grain, wine, and pottery, with workshops producing ceramics. Secondary agglomerations like Segessera (Bar-sur-Aube) supported rural villas and military outposts, evidenced by horse burials indicating use during campaigns. The city's defenses included a late 3rd-century AD wall, reflecting responses to Germanic invasions, while artifacts like wax tablets from military correspondence highlight administrative and epistolary practices akin to those at in Britain. Economic prosperity peaked in the 2nd–3rd centuries AD, sustained by fertile champagnes and precursors, before decline set in with the empire's fragmentation.

Medieval Foundations and Monasteries

The medieval period in Aube witnessed the establishment of influential monastic institutions, particularly Cistercian abbeys that emphasized austerity, manual labor, and spiritual reform under the influence of the Cîteaux order. These foundations played a crucial role in the region's feudal development, agricultural expansion, and religious life within the , where served as a key urban center. Clairvaux Abbey, one of the most prominent, was founded in 1115 by Bernard of Clairvaux, who led a group of 12 monks from the Abbey of Cîteaux to a remote valley along the Aube River in Ville-sous-la-Ferté. Known initially as the Vallée d'Absinthe for its bitter terrain, the site was chosen to embody Cistercian ideals of isolation and self-sufficiency; under Bernard's leadership, the abbey rapidly expanded, becoming a mother house that spawned over 200 daughter institutions across Europe by the 12th century. Bernard's theological writings and advocacy for the Second Crusade further elevated Clairvaux's status, attracting hundreds of monks and shaping monastic practices. The Abbaye du Paraclet, established around 1129-1130 by philosopher as a refuge for and her community of nuns near Ferreux-Quincey, represented another significant Benedictine foundation in Aube that later aligned with Cistercian observances. Initially a hermitage converted into a nunnery following Abelard's ecclesiastical conflicts, it served as a center for intellectual and spiritual pursuits, with overseeing its administration until her death in 1164; the abbey's surviving structures, including 16th- and 17th-century elements, underscore its enduring local presence despite demolitions during the . These monasteries not only fostered economic activities like and —laying groundwork for Champagne's later wine heritage—but also reinforced the spiritual and cultural fabric of medieval Aube amid the counts' patronage and the region's trade fairs.

Integration into France

The , which included the territory of present-day Aube with as a key center, transitioned from semi-autonomous status to direct royal control in the late medieval period through dynastic unions and . In 1284, Joan I, Countess of Champagne and Queen of , married , linking the county's governance to the and diminishing its independent foreign policy, though it initially retained privileges. This marriage followed the death of her father, Henry III, in 1274, under whose rule the county had prospered via international trade fairs at and . Subsequent rulers, including Joan's descendants who alternately held the French throne and the county, further eroded Champagne's separation. Louis X of France, Joan's grandson, ruled both as king and count from 1314 until his death in 1316, marking a practical unification despite legal distinctions. The line's male succession faltered after Charles IV's death in 1328, leaving Joan II of Navarre as countess; she renounced claims to Champagne in favor of the crown around 1332 amid disputes with Philip VI. Upon Joan II's death on August 2, 1349, without surviving heirs, the county escheated to the French crown under the principle of reversion to the suzerain, as prior treaties and precedents precluded female inheritance of fiefs tied to the royal domain. Philip VI and his successor John II administered it as royal territory during the , with local resistance to English incursions reinforcing ties to the Valois monarchy. Full administrative incorporation occurred in 1361 under Charles V, who reorganized Champagne's governance, abolished residual privileges, and integrated its revenues and jurisdictions directly into the dominium regis, ending centuries of comital autonomy. This shift bolstered royal finances, drawing on Champagne's economic strengths like textile production and fairs, while served as a strategic base against and .

19th Century Industrialization and Champagne Conflicts

During the , the Aube department underwent significant industrialization, particularly in the sector centered in , which transitioned from a regional cottage industry in knitted goods to mechanized production of such as , , and undergarments. This shift accelerated after the early 19th-century decline due to British competition post-1815, with local producers focusing on niche bonneterie markets that allowed rebound through specialized machinery and innovations from around onward. By the mid-century, had become France's hosiery capital, employing thousands in factories and driving economic growth amid broader French industrialization efforts. The textile boom transformed ' urban landscape, with factories featuring distinctive triangular roofs and chimneys emerging as symbols of industrial expansion, while supporting ancillary trades like and laundering rooted in medieval traditions. This sector dominated Aube's , outpacing in urban areas and fostering a workforce increasingly reliant on wage labor, though it remained vulnerable to market fluctuations and technological shifts. Parallel to textile growth, the southern Aube's vineyards faced escalating conflicts over Champagne wine production as sparkling methods popularized in the drew scrutiny to regional boundaries and quality control. Aube growers, supplying base wines from areas like the Côte des Bar, encountered marginalization from Marne-based merchants in and , who viewed peripheral districts as diluting the prestige of wines labeled "Champagne," amid rising frauds incorporating Aube grapes blended outside core zones. These tensions, exacerbated by outbreaks in the 1880s–1890s that devastated vineyards and prompted replanting debates, laid groundwork for exclusionary appellation efforts, with Aube producers protesting their historic role in the province's against northern dominance. By century's end, such disputes highlighted causal divides between smallholder vignerons in Aube and larger négociants, foreshadowing formalized restrictions that privileged Marne terroirs.

World Wars and Resistance

During , the Aube department mobilized rapidly following the general call-up announced in on the afternoon of August 1, 1914, with residents reporting for duty by August 2. Although not directly invaded—German advances were halted at Mailly in 1914—the department's proximity to the Champagne front led to its extensive use as a rear-area hub for military camps, hospitals, and support. Local populations endured requisitions of resources, hosted refugees from frontline areas, and contributed to the national war effort through industrial output and Croix-Rouge activities, particularly in the Barséquanais region. Archaeological evidence reveals numerous trench- sites established in the Champagne portion of Aube from 1914 to 1919, simulating frontline conditions for French and Allied troops. American units, such as the 36th Infantry Division, also trained near Bar-sur-Aube in July 1918 before deployment. In , Aube fell under German occupation after the rapid advance of forces in June 1940, with fierce fighting from June 13 to 17 resulting in hundreds of military and civilian casualties during the . The department hosted German garrisons and served as a transit zone, experiencing rationing, forced labor requisitions, and deportations. Resistance networks emerged early, including Libération-Nord in spring 1941 among socialist and unionist circles, alongside groups like the Commandos M, which lost nearly 47 members to combat and execution during the occupation. Activities encompassed , gathering, and aiding Allied airmen, provoking severe reprisals such as the massacre of 68 civilians in Buchères on September 23, 1944, by SS units in response to an attack on a German convoy, and the execution of 15 resistants at Montgueux's Trou Caïn pit. The department's liberation occurred amid the Allied push eastward after , with U.S. forces engaging approximately 3,500 troops in from August 25 to 27, 1944; initial armored advances met stiff resistance, leading to , destruction of bridges, and civilian evacuations before the Germans withdrew. Local resistance fighters coordinated with advancing Americans, contributing to the clearance of pockets in southern Champagne, though the area paid a heavy toll in lives and infrastructure. Monuments such as the Monument de la Résistance et de la Déportation in commemorate the fallen, reflecting Aube's role in the broader French underground effort against occupation.

Postwar Developments and Modern Era

Following the Allied liberation of Troyes on August 28, 1944, the Aube department initiated extensive postwar reconstruction amid widespread devastation from bombings and occupation. In , approximately 800 housing units were completely destroyed and 4,000 others damaged, while villages like Buchères suffered near-total incineration in 1944 and urban areas such as the avenue Pierre-Brossolette and faubourg Saint-Jacques bore scars from the 1940 German offensive. By 1946, departmental reports documented ruins across infrastructures, industries, and transport networks, necessitating a comprehensive recovery plan supported by national reconstruction policies and local initiatives. Rebuilding efforts from 1945 to 1955 prioritized housing, factories, and roads, achieving substantial restoration within a decade through coordinated public and private investments. This period aligned with France's broader "" economic boom, where Aube benefited from agricultural modernization and limited industrial expansion, particularly in textiles centered in . However, by the late , structural shifts emerged: the textile sector, a historical pillar, declined sharply, contributing to a net loss of about 10,000 jobs over a decade ending in the late 1980s, with the tertiary sector failing to generate offsetting employment. Entering the , Aube underwent economic reconversion starting in the 1990s, pivoting from declining industries toward agricultural strengths like for Champagne production and emerging in and services. The productive fabric evolved rapidly during pre-2008 growth phases, with and related retaining prominence amid broader into the Grand Est framework in 2016. Socially, rural-to-urban migration persisted, though the department maintained a balanced urban-rural profile, with as the economic hub driving adaptation to EU markets and sustainability-focused policies.

Administration and Politics

Departmental Governance

The governance of Aube department combines state oversight through the and local administration via the elected departmental . The , appointed by the , represents the French state at the departmental level, ensuring compliance with national laws, coordinating state services, and managing public order, security, and crisis response. Pascal Courtade has served as since his appointment on October 23, 2024, succeeding Cécile Dindar; the is headquartered in and includes sous-préfectures in Bar-sur-Aube, Nogent-sur-Seine, and Romilly-sur-Seine. The Conseil départemental de l'Aube, the elected , comprises 34 councilors elected in binômes from 17 cantons for six-year terms, with the most recent elections held in 2021. Philippe Dallemagne was elected president on October 13, 2025, following Philippe Pichery's resignation in September 2025, leading the executive with support from a of services. The council's primary competencies include social welfare such as and allocation of (RSA) benefits, maintenance of departmental roads, construction and operation of junior high schools (collèges), financial aid to municipalities for like sports facilities and community halls, and promotion of culture, environment, and initiatives. These responsibilities are funded through departmental taxes, state transfers, and loans, with decisions made in plenary sessions and implemented via permanent commissions. The prefect verifies the legality of council acts but does not intervene in policy content.

Political Leanings and Electoral Results

The department has consistently demonstrated conservative political leanings, characterized by strong support for right-wing parties in both and national elections, reflecting its rural, agricultural and traditional values. In departmental elections, the has been dominated by a right-wing since at least , emphasizing policies on infrastructure, social services, and . In the 2021 departmental elections held on June 20 and 27, the right-wing coalition led by Philippe Pichery (affiliated with Les Républicains and divers droite) secured a clear majority of the 34 seats on the departmental council, with Pichery re-elected as president. This outcome maintained the department's governance under conservative leadership, focusing on fiscal prudence and support for agricultural sectors. Pichery was succeeded in 2025 by Philippe Dallemagne, also from the departmental majority, elected president on October 13, 2025. Nationally, Aube voters have shown notable support for the (RN) and traditional right parties like Les Républicains (LR). In the 2022 presidential election's second round on April 24, (RN) won 51.68% of the vote (73,625 votes) against Emmanuel Macron's 48.32% (68,840 votes), marking one of the departments where the republican front did not hold. In the first round, Le Pen garnered significant backing, ahead of Macron in many rural cantons. Legislative representation underscores this trend, with Aube's three constituencies electing right-wing deputies. Prior to the 2024 snap elections, the 1st and 3rd constituencies were held by RN members Jordan Guitton and Angélique Ranc, respectively, while the 2nd was represented by LR's Valérie Bazin-Malgras. The 2024 elections, held June 30 and July 7, reinforced RN's presence amid national gains for the party, though exact seat outcomes aligned with broader right-wing preferences in rural departments like Aube. in Aube for these contests has hovered around 40-50%, typical for legislative polls, with higher in urban compared to rural areas.

National Representation

Aube elects three deputies to the French National Assembly, corresponding to its three legislative constituencies, which have remained unchanged since 1958. The first constituency encompasses the prefecture of and surrounding urban areas; the second covers Romilly-sur-Seine and central communes; the third includes rural eastern territories such as Bar-sur-Aube and . In the 2024 legislative elections, held on June 30 and July 7 following a snap dissolution, the outgoing deputies were reelected: Jordan Guitton of the Rassemblement National for the first, Valérie Bazin-Malgras of Les Républicains for the second, and Angélique Ranc of the Rassemblement National for the third, with the party securing two of the three seats amid a national shift toward non-Macronist forces. The department is represented in the Senate by two senators, elected indirectly by an of local officials for six-year terms, with partial renewal every three years. Current senators, both elected on September 27, 2020, for mandates ending in 2026, are Vanina Paoli-Gagin, an avocat affiliated with the Les Républicains group, serving on the , and Paul-Toussaint Parigi, representing the rural majority group. These elections saw six candidates compete for the two seats, reflecting competition among centrist and right-leaning lists in a department with historically conservative electoral tendencies. Aube residents participate in European Parliament elections as part of the Grand Est constituency, which allocates seats proportionally based on regional lists; however, departmental-specific representation does not apply, with outcomes in 2024 showing strong support for the Rassemblement National list led by at 44.12% in the department.

Demographics

The population of Aube has exhibited slow and decelerating growth since the mid-20th century, rising from 270,325 inhabitants in 1968 to 311,076 in 2022, with annual growth rates declining from 0.8% in 1968–1975 to 0.1% in 2016–2022. This trajectory reflects broader rural French departmental patterns, where postwar baby booms and internal migration initially boosted numbers, but subsequent low and aging have constrained expansion. Key drivers include a persistent positive net migration balance, averaging 0.2% annually in recent years, which has offset negative natural increase since the late 2010s. Births have fallen sharply from 3,454 in 2015 to 2,594 in 2024, while deaths hovered between 3,140 and 3,492 over the same period, yielding a natural deficit that migration partially counters. Unlike neighboring departments in showing steeper declines, Aube's urban pole in has attracted some inflows, sustaining modest gains of about 2,000 residents from 2015 to 2021.
Census YearPopulation
1968270,325
1975284,823
1982289,300
1990289,207
1999292,131
2006299,704
2011303,997
2016308,910
2022311,076
Projections indicate a reversal, with the population expected to fall 7.1% to approximately 288,000 by 2070 under central scenarios, driven by a deepening natural balance deficit (-0.26% annually) from fertility dropping to 1.72 children per woman and rising elderly proportions (65+ reaching 29%). Net migration (+0.12–0.13% annually) will mitigate but not prevent this, as gains (to 86 for men, 88 for women) exacerbate aging without commensurate birth recovery. These trends align with national patterns of but are moderated in Aube relative to the Grand Est region, where declines could double.

Age Structure and Socioeconomic Breakdown

In 2022, the of Aube totaled 311,076 inhabitants, with an age structure reflecting a relatively aged demographic compared to national averages. Approximately 17.6% of residents were under 15 years old, 53.6% were of working age (15-64 years), and 28.7% were 65 years or older. The mean age stood at 41.7 years in 2018, exceeding the national figure, with projections indicating further aging to 46.6 years by 2070 alongside a rise in the proportion over 65 to 29%. This structure contributes to a high old-age , projected to reach 147 persons aged 65+ per 100 under 20 by 2070, up from 87:100 in 2018.
Age GroupPopulationPercentage
0-14 years54,83517.6%
15-64 years166,80853.6%
65+ years89,43328.7%
Socioeconomically, Aube exhibits indicators of lower prosperity and higher labor market challenges. The median per consumption unit was €21,530 in 2021, below the national median of approximately €23,000, with a rate of 16.9%—elevated relative to the French average of 14.5%. among those aged 15-64 reached 63.8% in 2022, trailing the national rate, while in this cohort was 13.9%, significantly above the country's 7.5%. Educational attainment remains modest, with only 24.0% of adults holding a or higher qualification in 2022, compared to over 40% nationally, correlating with structural employment issues in rural and semi-industrial areas. Income distribution shows inequality, with the first at €11,680 and the ninth at €36,690 per consumption unit, yielding an inter-decile ratio of 3.1.

Urban-Rural Distribution and Migration

The department of Aube maintains a largely rural profile, characterized by a low of 51.8 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2022, reflecting extensive agricultural and forested landscapes interspersed with small settlements. Urban areas account for a minority of the , with the of serving as the dominant center; its housed 139,880 residents in 2022, comprising approximately 45% of the departmental total of 311,076. Smaller urban poles include Romilly-sur-Seine (14,751 inhabitants as of 2022 estimates) and Nogent-sur-Seine, while the broader Troyes agglomeration extends to around 170,000 residents, underscoring a concentration of economic and administrative functions in the north-central region. Rural communes, predominant in number and land area, host the remaining , often tied to and farming in the Côte des Bar subregion. Migration patterns in Aube reveal a trend of internal out-migration, particularly from rural peripheries toward urban hubs like or adjacent departments, contributing to localized depopulation in less dynamic communes. Between 2011 and 2016, the department recorded a negative net internal migration balance with the rest of , though partially mitigated by positive inflows from abroad, with 25,849 immigrants residing in Aube as of 2021 (about 8.3% of the population). Annual residential mobility stands low at 7.5% of residents aged one year or older changing communes in recent censuses, indicative of relative stability but underscoring challenges in retaining youth amid limited rural opportunities. INSEE projections forecast a 7.1% to around 289,000 by 2070, driven by net out-migration and below-replacement fertility, exacerbating rural aging and urban-rural imbalances. These dynamics align with broader regional patterns, where 39% of residents live in rural communes, though Aube's viticultural economy sustains some counter-urbanization in select villages.

Economy

Economic Overview

The economy of Aube department, located in northeastern , features a balanced structure with significant contributions from , , and services, reflecting its rural character and strategic position near major transport corridors like the A5 and A26 motorways. In 2022, the department's active population aged 15-64 stood at 138,138, with an activity rate of 74.2% and an employment rate of 63.8%. , measured as the localized rate, averaged 9.5% in 2022, rising slightly to 9.6% in 2023 and 9.7% in 2024, exceeding the national average of approximately 7.4% during the same period. Median household income per consumption unit was €21,530 in 2021, below the national median, with a poverty rate of 16.9%. Employment distribution underscores the dominance of services, which accounted for 73.1% of jobs in 2022 (including 39.9% in commercial, transport, and other market services, and 33.2% in , , and ), followed by industry at 14.4%, at 6.5%, and at 6.0% (7,070 jobs). The industrial base includes textiles and in , mechanics, and metallurgy, while agriculture emphasizes in the Côte des Bar area for sparkling wines and production. The department hosted 10,896 business establishments in 2023, predominantly small enterprises with 1-9 employees (73.4%), supporting localized supply chains in agro-industry, , and . Exports totaled €472 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, down 4.19% from the prior year, with key outflows in manufactured goods. Recent economic pressures, including post-pandemic recovery and inflationary strains, have maintained steady but modest growth, with services buffering volatility in primary sectors vulnerable to and global prices. The department's integration into the Grand Est region's economic fabric aids resilience through proximity to and , fostering outlets like factory stores and distribution hubs, though structural challenges persist in matching national productivity levels.

Agriculture and Viticulture

Agriculture in the Aube department encompasses 372,500 hectares of utilized (SAU) as of 2020, equivalent to 63% of the department's 602,800-hectare territory, with 91% of this land classified as arable. The sector supports 4,900 , reflecting a slowdown in farm consolidation compared to national trends. Principal crops include cereals such as , alongside , , , and potatoes, which dominate the expansive plains suited to large-scale cultivation. Livestock production features 44,400 heads, 114,100 pigs, and 17,200 sheep as of 2023, contributing to a diversified farming system that balances crop and animal outputs. Viticulture, concentrated in the Côte des Bar sub-region, spans nearly 8,000 hectares and represents about one-quarter of the Champagne appellation's total vineyard area of approximately 34,000 hectares. This area has expanded significantly from under 2,000 hectares—mostly Gamay—in the 1950s to current levels, driven by replanting in Pinot Noir, which accounts for over 86% of vines, supplemented by the seven authorized Champagne varieties including Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier. The predominance of grower-producers stems from Aube's longstanding agrarian heritage, where small-scale farming historically supplied grapes to larger Champagne houses, fostering independence and innovation in sparkling wine production. Additional micro-appellations like Rosé des Riceys highlight still red wines from Pinot Noir in select valleys.

Industry and Manufacturing

The manufacturing sector in Aube, encompassing , extractive industries, and related activities, employed 16,145 salaried workers in the third quarter of 2023, down from 20,802 in 2011, reflecting an 18.8% decline amid broader trends in the region. This contraction has been particularly acute in traditional sectors, with Aube losing 68% of its fabrication jobs over the 35 years prior to 2022, driven largely by the erosion of competitiveness against low-cost imports. Textiles and apparel, long the department's industrial cornerstone—especially hosiery and ready-to-wear in —continue to anchor despite since the , when global competition prompted factory closures and a pivot to outlet retail and niche production. In 2024, Aube exported €338 million in clothing articles (excluding furs), underscoring residual strength in garment fabrication, though the subsector faces ongoing consumer shifts and pressures. Metallurgy and automotive components represent another vital pillar, with firms producing vehicle equipment and metal products; these activities, alongside and plastics , benefit from proximity to hubs and the department's strategic activity parks like the Parc du Grand . , including beverages, contributes significantly, with €270 million in drink exports in 2024, often linking to agricultural inputs like grains and grapes. Emerging areas such as biofuels and high-value materials are gaining traction through initiatives, including the 1998 Technopole de l’Aube en Champagne and from the Université de Technologie de , founded in 1994 to enhance efficiency in legacy industries. These efforts aim to offset declines by fostering R&D and attracting firms to sites certified for ready-to-build industrial operations.

Tourism and Services

The tertiary sector dominates Aube's economy, employing 93,676 people or 79.6% of the department's total 117,633 jobs in 2022, encompassing , transportation, diverse services, administration, , , and . Within this, commerce, transport, and assorted services account for 46,976 positions (39.9% of total employment), while public administration, , , and comprise 39,091 jobs (33.2%). Tourism forms a key component of the services sector, drawing visitors to Aube's historical, natural, and viticultural assets; the department recorded 13.5 million visitors in 2022, marking a 19.7% rise from 2021 and establishing a postwar record. , the , serves as a primary hub with its preserved medieval core featuring half-timbered houses, Gothic cathedrals like Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul, and Renaissance-era buildings, alongside the McArthurGlen designer outlet attracting over 4.2 million shoppers annually. Further afield, the Côte des Bar wine route highlights Aube's inclusion in the Champagne appellation, with tours of family-run cellars and vineyards producing and blanc de noirs styles. Natural attractions bolster outdoor tourism, particularly in the Forêt d'Orient Regional Natural Park, spanning 170,000 hectares with lakes such as and Amance supporting sailing, fishing, birdwatching, and cycling along the pilgrimage path. Historical sites like the 12th-century , founded by and now a prison with guided public tours, and the 18th-century de La Motte-Tilly with its formal gardens, draw cultural enthusiasts. Seasonal fluctuations affect visitation, with summer 2024 seeing a 20% decline due to adverse weather, though overall overnight stays rose 4% year-over-year. These activities sustain , retail, and ancillary services, with enhancing local amid the sector's broader emphasis on and services. The economy of Aube exhibited resilience in 2024 amid broader French slowdowns, with local entrepreneurs adapting to supply chain disruptions and , though projections for 2025 indicate a morose outlook characterized by persistent uncertainty and labor shortages across sectors. These shortages, particularly in skilled trades and , have constrained expansion despite a slight decline in the localized rate to 9.1% in the second quarter of 2025 from 9.4% in the first quarter. Viticulture, central to Aube's agricultural output as part of the Champagne appellation, faced yield volatility from climatic pressures; the 2024 harvest in the department suffered severe losses from downy mildew, reducing volumes while maintaining grape quality in unaffected areas. Conversely, the 2025 vintage promised high-quality results due to favorable weather and early ripening accelerated by rising temperatures, yet market challenges persist, including export barriers from potential U.S. tariffs and weak domestic demand. Departmental finances reflect these strains, with escalating expenditures outpacing revenues, prompting of the 2025 budget approval to March 31 amid efforts to implement controls. Broader vulnerabilities include climate-driven shifts in vineyard viability, pushing production southward into Aube's Côte des Bar while elevating risks and labor demands for adaptation measures.

Society

Education System

The education system in the Aube department follows the centralized structure of the French national system, administered locally by the Académie de Reims. Primary education, encompassing préélémentaire and élémentaire levels, enrolled 26,983 students in the 2024–2025 school year across 243 schools, with 90.1% (24,318 students) attending public institutions and the remainder in private schools under contract or otherwise. Secondary education, covering collèges, lycées généraux et technologiques, and lycées professionnels, served 24,921 students in 50 establishments, including 15,074 in collèges (81.5% public), 6,477 in general/technological lycées (82.9% public), and 3,352 in professional lycées (74.2% public), for an overall public enrollment of 80.9% (20,169 students). Enrollment trends reflect demographic decline, with primary student numbers dropping from 30,336 in 2017 to 26,983 in 2024; secondary levels show similar reductions, leading to fewer teaching positions despite improved student-teacher ratios in some areas. In 2022–2023, 945 students with disabilities were supported across levels, primarily through specialized units like ULIS (317 in elementary). Higher education is primarily based in , accommodating approximately 12,000 students as of recent counts, with steady growth from 11,400 in 2020–2021. Prominent institutions include the Université de Technologie de (UTT), a public with 2,600 students offering personalized curricula equivalent to top Parisian programs; the École Polytechnique Féminine (EPF) school, which expanded its campus in 2023 to host 500 students; the École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, du Bâtiment et de l'Industrie (ESTP) campus; Y SCHOOLS (formerly Groupe ESC ), focusing on management, design, and tourism; and the Institut Universitaire de Technologie (IUT) de under the Université de Champagne-Ardenne. The department prioritizes higher education investment to foster local retention and economic ties, including support for diverse formations in , , and via sites like the Terres de l'Aube, which integrates lycées and CFA agricultural training.

Healthcare and Social Welfare

The healthcare infrastructure in Aube relies on France's national Assurance Maladie system, which provides universal coverage, with local oversight by the Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie (CPAM) de l'Aube responsible for reimbursements and access facilitation. The department features four public hospitals, including the as the primary hub with 11 specialized centers and 59,407 visits in 2019, alongside smaller facilities in Bar-sur-Seine, Bar-sur-Aube, and through the Champagne Sud hospital group. Private institutions, such as Hôpital Privé de l'Aube and Clinique des Ursulines in , offer supplementary surgical and outpatient services. Coordination occurs via the Groupement Hospitalier de Territoire Aube et du Sezannais, addressing rural shortages where primary care physicians report systemic strains, including during the crisis. Health outcomes reflect moderate territorial disparities, with at birth at 78.6 years for men and 84.7 years for women as of recent estimates, trailing national male averages amid broader French inequalities linked to socioeconomic factors. initiatives, including Contrats Locaux de Santé, target issues like declining medical demographics and rising to mitigate access gaps in rural zones. Social welfare aligns with national protections, encompassing (RSA), family benefits, and housing allowances, which form 6.7% of household resources including 3.1% from minimum support. The poverty rate stands at 16.9%, exceeding the metropolitan French average, with elevated rates among renters (34.5%) and young adults under 30 (27.2%), and a standard of living of €21,530 per consumption unit. Aid organizations note 81% of cases involving multiple deprivations in 2023, signaling complex non-recours to benefits amid economic pressures in this semi-rural department.

Justice and Public Safety

The judicial system in Aube is administered primarily through the Tribunal judiciaire de , located at 83 Rue du Général de Gaulle in , which handles civil, commercial, and correctional matters, with sessions open weekdays from 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 1:30 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.. The Cour d'assises de l'Aube, also based at the same address, adjudicates serious crimes punishable by over 20 years of imprisonment, including appeals, and operates under the Cour d'appel de jurisdiction.. The Service pénitentiaire d'insertion et de probation (SPIP) of supports rehabilitation and reintegration, contactable at 03 51 59 12 20.. Aube's correctional facilities include the Centre pénitentiaire de Troyes-Lavau, which provides visitation via phone (0805 70 18 18 on Tuesdays and Thursdays 9 a.m. to noon) or on-site terminals, serving local detention needs.. The historic , formerly a high-security on the site of with a capacity of approximately 240 inmates as of 2015, ceased operations in 2023 after transferring its last prisoners, amid proposals to repurpose it for high-risk narcotraffickers or other uses due to persistent staffing and security challenges.. Past incidents at Clairvaux, including a 1971 crisis resulting in two deaths, underscore its legacy of housing France's most dangerous offenders.. Public safety in Aube is maintained by the Police nationale in urban areas like and the nationale in rural zones, with intensified controls contributing to a 44% rise in recorded infractions in police areas and 94.6% in gendarmerie areas in 2024.. Overall delinquency decreased in 2024 across both zones, including a 20.5% drop in vehicle-related thefts in police jurisdictions, though 2023 saw a 4.8% increase from 2022, with recorded aggressions at 3,031, burglaries at 598, thefts/vandalism at 5,435, and offenses at 648.. trafficking rose over 34% and usage over 25% in 2023, while road safety remains a concern with 34-35 fatalities annually in recent years and 738 serious driving under influence cases in 2024, prompting enhanced enforcement.. Judicial staffing shortages persist, with facing vacancies comparable to nearby tribunals like , exacerbating case backlogs despite efforts to address them in 2024.. Local initiatives, including departmental security plans, emphasize to counter urban-rural disparities in reporting..

Sports and Leisure

The primary professional sports club in Aube is Espérance Sportive Troyes Aube Champagne (ESTAC Troyes), a football team competing in as of the 2024–25 season. Founded in 1986 with roots tracing to earlier local clubs from 1900, ESTAC plays home matches at the Stade de l'Aube, a venue with a capacity of 20,400 seats originally constructed in 1924 and renovated in 2004. The club, owned by since 2020, has a history of promoting youth development and achieving promotions to in past seasons. Aube hosts over 580 sports associations, supporting amateur and parasport activities across disciplines including , , and . The Complexe International Multisports d'Événements (CIME) in serves as a key facility for indoor sports such as , , and . Leisure opportunities emphasize outdoor recreation, particularly in the Forêt d'Orient Regional Natural Park, which spans 20,000 hectares of forest and 5,000 hectares of water across three lakes supporting , motorboating, and . and trails traverse vineyards and the River valley, while golf courses like Golf de la Forêt d'Orient provide additional options. These activities draw on the department's diverse landscapes, including 7,500 hectares of vineyards conducive to scenic walks and equestrian paths.

Culture and Heritage

Architectural and Historical Monuments

The Aube department features a diverse array of architectural and historical monuments, reflecting its medieval, Gothic, and Enlightenment-era heritage, with significant concentrations in and rural sites along the and Aube rivers. Religious structures dominate, including Gothic cathedrals and Cistercian abbeys renowned for their and monastic architecture, while secular monuments encompass neoclassical châteaux and half-timbered urban ensembles. Over 2,000 stained glass windows across 350 civil and religious buildings are protected as historic monuments, underscoring the region's exceptional vitreous patrimony. The Cathédrale Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul in exemplifies , measuring 114 meters in length and 28.5 meters in height, with construction initiated eastward from 1208, encompassing a 13th-century and , followed by the , double aisles, and lateral chapels. Its facade, featuring three porches and two towers in 16th-century style, was designed by architect Martin Chambiges starting in 1507, incorporating elements from the earlier Romanesque structure. The cathedral houses 1,500 square meters of spanning multiple eras and is celebrated for its sculptures, painted works, and overall elegance. The Abbaye de Clairvaux, founded on June 25, 1115, by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in Ville-sous-la-Ferté, represents a pinnacle of Cistercian monastic design, with expansions from 1135 onward and major 18th-century reconstructions. Spanning 30 hectares with 36 protected buildings, the site transitioned into a in the under , preserving its historical layers from medieval austerity to neoclassical adaptations. Among secular monuments, the Château de La Motte-Tilly, erected from 1754 on the site of a medieval fortress moated since 1369, embodies neoclassical style through architect François-Nicolas Lancret's plans for financier Joseph Marie Terray, later Controller-General under . Set within a 60-hectare park blending French formal and English landscape gardens, the château features symmetrical facades, elegant columns, and richly decorated interiors, owned by the Rohan-Chabot family until 1910. Troyes preserves extensive half-timbered houses from the , such as those along the Ruelle des Chats, exemplifying the Champagne region's tied to its historic fairs and textile trade. Additional châteaux, including Vaux, Droupt-Saint-Basle, and Barberey-Saint-Sulpice, dot the landscape, often featuring or later modifications on feudal foundations.

Gastronomy and Local Traditions

The gastronomy of Aube emphasizes rustic, terroir-driven products, with the andouillette de standing out as a signature dish. This grilled pork sausage, made from pork intestines, tripe, and seasonings, has been produced in since the and is protected by a label ensuring traditional methods using natural casings and hand-chopping. Aube ranks as France's second-largest producer of for choucroute, with the fermented dish featuring local charcuterie and often paired with champagne; hosts an annual festival honoring it. The creamy Chaource cheese, granted AOC status in 1970, is crafted from raw cow's milk in the region's valleys, offering a soft texture with a and subtle nutty flavors. Champagne production thrives in Aube's Côte des Bar sub-region, contributing about 20% of France's total appellation output through pinot noir-dominated vineyards; the Rosé des Riceys, a still red sparkling wine unique to the area, ferments from pinot noir grapes harvested late for higher sugar content. Other specialties include the cidre du Pays d'Othe, a crisp apple cider from the Othe forest's orchards, and Agneau de l'Aube lamb raised on local pastures, often featured in seasonal stews. Artisanal items like prunelle de Troyes liqueur, distilled from sloe berries macerated in plum brandy, and truffes from the region's woodlands add diversity to the local pantry. Local traditions revolve around harvest celebrations and village fairs that preserve communal heritage. Summer festivals in Champagne villages mark the grape harvest with tours, tastings, and communal meals emphasizing regional wines and cheeses. Troyes hosts medieval-themed fairs featuring jousting, artisan markets, and demonstrations of historical crafts, drawing on the city's medieval trading legacy. Annual events like the Fête du Miel in September, organized by the Syndicat Apicole de l'Aube, showcase honey production from the department's apiaries, while Brienne-le-Château's choucroute festival includes tastings and cultural exhibits tied to agricultural roots. These gatherings foster conviviality, blending culinary showcases with folklore performances and reinforce Aube's identity as a rural, producer-led territory.

Cultural Institutions and Events

Troyes, the prefecture of Aube, hosts a cluster of six museums designated as Musées de France in historic sites, emphasizing the department's artistic and industrial heritage. The Musée d’Art Moderne features nearly 3,000 works from the Pierre and Denise Lévy collection, covering movements such as realism, , and . Complementing this, the Maison de l’Outil et de la Pensée Ouvrière preserves over 10,000 hand tools, illustrating the evolution of local craftsmanship and labor history. The Cité du Vitrail, located in the former Hôtel-Dieu-le-Comte, specializes in artistry. Beyond , key institutions include the Musée Camille Claudel in Nogent-sur-Seine, displaying more than 300 sculptures and works by the artist , and Du Côté des Renoir in Essoyes, the preserved home and studio of painter . The Théâtre de Champagne, converted in 1978 from a 19th-century circus building classified as a historical in 1975, accommodates 1,080 spectators and programs various theatrical genres. The Orchestre symphonique de l'Aube, established in 2001 as France's first departmental symphony orchestra under director Gilles Millière, delivers concerts from October to May across Aube locations including , Bar-sur-Aube, and Nogent-sur-Seine. Aube's cultural calendar highlights the Nuits de Champagne festival, an annual event in marking its 38th edition in 2025 with 56 concerts over nine days across 12 venues, centering on contemporary French and choral performances. Additional festivals include Jazzabar for and Rock Celtique for , while the departmental archives coordinate themed "années culturelles," such as the 2023 exploration of Aube's châteaux.

Media Landscape

The print media sector in Aube centers on L'Est-Éclair, a daily newspaper based in Troyes that delivers coverage of departmental events, sports, and regional developments, achieving a diffusion of 19,140 copies during the 2024-2025 period. Complementing this is La Dépêche de l'Aube, a weekly publication produced by the local branch of the French Communist Party, which emphasizes political analysis and social issues from a leftist perspective. Local radio broadcasting features independent stations like Troyes Aube Radio, which initiated FM transmissions on 94.4 MHz in January 2023 from studios in Rosières-près-Troyes, prioritizing aubois news and community programming. Latitude FM operates from , offering music, local information, and events coverage. Thème Radio broadcasts on 90.3 FM with a focus on departmental content. While national commercial stations such as (14.8% audience share) and RTL hold the top positions in local listening metrics as of 2023, these outlets supplement with regional inserts. In television, Canal 32 provides generalist programming tailored to and Aube, available on channel 32 to an estimated 220,000 potential viewers, including news, sports, and cultural segments. Digital platforms for these traditional media, alongside engagement, have grown in prominence, though print and broadcast remain key for hyper-local reporting amid declining national trust in media institutions.

Notable Individuals

Rashi (1040–1105), the medieval Jewish scholar Shlomo Yitzchaki, was born in and became renowned for his comprehensive commentaries on the and , influencing Jewish learning across centuries. (fl. 1160–1191), a key figure in , originated from and authored Arthurian romances such as Erec et Enide and , which shaped traditions. Hugues de Payns (c. 1070–1136), founder and first Grand Master of the Knights Templar, was born in Payns and established the order's initial base there before its expansion following the . Georges Danton (1759–1794), a leading figure who served as Minister of Justice and co-founded the Cordeliers Club, was born on October 26, 1759, in Arcis-sur-Aube. Louis-Jacques Thénard (1777–1857), a prominent who discovered and advanced , was born in La Louptière-Thénard.

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