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Wan Exiang
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Wan Exiang (Chinese: 万鄂湘; pinyin: Wàn Èxiāng; born May 1956) is a Chinese politician and jurist who served as a vice chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 2018 to 2023. He was the chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang between 2012 and 2022.
Key Information
Early life and education
[edit]Wan Exiang was born in Gong'an, Hubei, in 1956. Wan received his B.A. degree from Wuhan University in 1980, LL.M. degree from Yale Law School in 1987 and LL.D. degree from Wuhan University School of Law in 1988. After graduation, he joined the faculty of Wuhan University.
Career
[edit]Wan was elected as the vice president of the Intermediate People's Court of Wuhan in 1996, vice president of the High People's Court of Hubei in 1999, and Vice President of the Supreme People's Court of China in 2000. He was elected the chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang in 2012.
In a 2013 interview, Wan said that the Chinese people crave the growth and stability of one-party rule and that the West had a fixation with electoral democracy. “We once had more than 300 parties in the early stage of the Republic of China, and the consequences were rivalry among political parties and warlords, and national disintegration. China could never have obtained such brilliant economic success today if we followed that kind of political system.”[1]
Wan attended the Group of 20 parliament speakers in Tokyo, Japan, on November 4, 2019. He announced that China is ready to strengthen parliamentary exchanges with Japan to better promote the improvement and development of bilateral relations.[2][3]
On 7 December 2020, pursuant to Executive Order 13936, the US Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on all 14 Vice Chairpeople of the National People's Congress, including Wan, for "undermining Hong Kong's autonomy and restricting the freedom of expression or assembly."[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Jacobs, Andrew; Patrick Zuo; Shi Da (March 12, 2013). "Non-Communist Parties Lend China an Air of Pluralism, Without the Mess". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Archived from the original on 15 March 2013.
- ^ huaxia, ed. (2019-11-07). "Wan Exiang attends G20 parliament speakers' meeting in Tokyo". Xinhua News. XinhuaNet. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022.
- ^ huaxia, ed. (2019-11-07). "Senior Chinese legislator calls for more parliamentary exchanges with Japan". Xinhua News. XinhuaNet. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019.
- ^ "Hong Kong-related Designations | U.S. Department of the Treasury". home.treasury.gov. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
External links
[edit]- Wan Exiang's profile at Wuhan University website Archived 2006-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
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Wan Exiang
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Early life and education
Early life
Wan Exiang was born in May 1956 in Gong'an County, Hubei Province.[5]Academic background
Wan Exiang graduated from the Department of Law at Wuhan University, specializing in international law, and holds a graduate degree along with a doctorate in law from the institution.[6] He later pursued advanced studies abroad, earning an LL.M. from Yale Law School in 1987 through a Ford Foundation exchange program.[7] Following his education, Wan served as a professor of international law at Wuhan University School of Law, where he contributed to legal academia before transitioning to judicial roles.[2]Judicial career
Provincial court roles
Wan Exiang was appointed vice president of the Intermediate People's Court of Wuhan in September 1996, serving until September 1999.[8] In this role, he contributed to the court's judicial operations in the provincial capital, drawing on his prior academic experience in law.[9] In March 1999, Wan advanced to vice president of the High People's Court of Hubei, holding the position until May 2000.[6] This promotion marked his progression to overseeing appellate matters across the province, while he concurrently maintained affiliations with Wuhan University.[8]Supreme People's Court tenure
Wan Exiang served as vice president of the Supreme People's Court from April 2000 to March 2013, holding the rank of second-level grand justice and membership in the court's adjudication committee.[6][10] In this capacity, he contributed to national judicial oversight, including efforts to advance reforms aimed at enhancing fairness and efficiency in the Chinese judiciary.[11] His work involved guiding policy implementation and addressing systemic challenges, such as through speeches on judicial modernization delivered during his tenure.[2] During his time at the apex court, Wan engaged in on-site evaluations of lower-level courts to assess reform progress and operational effectiveness, exemplified by his 2010 survey in Hubei Province where he met with judges and emphasized strengthening grassroots judicial work.[12] These activities underscored his role in bridging national policies with local implementation, focusing on areas like trial quality and public trust in the legal system. Wan concluded his judicial career in 2013, marking the end of over two decades in progressively senior court positions.[13]Political career
Revolutionary Committee leadership
Wan Exiang was elected chairman of the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK) in December 2012, assuming leadership of the party shortly before his retirement from the Supreme People's Court in 2013.[14] He served in this role through two terms, guiding the RCCK as one of China's eight minor democratic parties aligned with the Chinese Communist Party's united front framework.[1] As chairman, Wan emphasized the RCCK's commitment to national unity and policy support, including advocacy for innovation-driven development during inspections of high-tech sectors in provinces like Jiangsu.[15] His legal expertise from prior judicial service informed the party's focus on rule-of-law initiatives within its contributions to multiparty cooperation. In public addresses, such as commemorations of the 1911 Revolution, he highlighted the RCCK's historical legacy in promoting democratic progress under socialist conditions.[16] Wan stepped down as chairman in 2022, having led the RCCK in issuing statements reaffirming loyalty to the People's Republic of China on key anniversaries, including the 70th founding of the PRC.[17]National People's Congress role
Wan Exiang served as vice chairperson of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress from March 2018 to March 2023.[1][6] In this capacity, he participated in the committee's core functions, including legislative deliberation, enforcement supervision, and major national policy oversight between plenary sessions.[18] His appointment built on prior political leadership, enabling contributions to parliamentary processes distinct from organizational party duties. During the tenure, Wan engaged in inspection activities, such as reviewing high-tech industries in Jiangsu Province to assess implementation of national development strategies.[15]International and notable activities
Global engagements
As vice chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Wan Exiang represented China at the Group of 20 parliament speakers' meeting held in Tokyo, Japan, from November 3 to 7, 2019.[19] The forum brought together legislative leaders from G20 nations and invited guests to discuss parliamentary cooperation amid global challenges, including economic governance and multilateral dialogue.[20] During the event, Wan emphasized China's commitment to enhancing parliamentary exchanges with Japan to foster bilateral relations and mutual understanding.[20] He advocated for deeper legislative collaboration to support broader diplomatic ties, aligning with China's positions on promoting inclusive global governance through inter-parliamentary mechanisms.[20] This participation underscored Wan's role in advancing China's diplomatic outreach via legislative channels.[19]U.S. sanctions
In December 2020, the United States imposed sanctions on Wan Exiang under Executive Order 13936, targeting individuals responsible for undermining Hong Kong's autonomy.[](https://ofac.treasury.gov/recent-actions/20201207) As vice chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Wan was designated for his involvement in actions that eroded obligations under the Sino-British Joint Declaration and Hong Kong Basic Law, including the NPC's passage of the Hong Kong National Security Law and resolutions disqualifying pro-democracy legislators. [](https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=30509) [](https://www.voachinese.com/a/us-sanctions-chinese-officials-20201208/5690490.html)
The sanctions, announced by the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control on December 7, 2020, added Wan to the Specially Designated Nationals list alongside 13 other Chinese officials, primarily NPC vice chairpersons. [](https://ofac.treasury.gov/recent-actions/20201207) [](https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/dayton/ap-top-news/2020/12/07/us-sanctions-14-china-officials-over-hong-kong-crackdown) These measures prohibit U.S. persons from engaging in transactions with him, freeze any assets under U.S. jurisdiction, and bar his entry into the United States, pursuant to the Hong Kong Autonomy Act. [](https://www.state.gov/bureau-of-east-asian-and-pacific-affairs/releases/2021/03/update-to-report-on-identification-of-foreign-persons-involved-in-the-erosion-of-the-obligations-of-china-under-the-joint-declaration-or-the-basic-law) Chinese officials condemned the actions as interference in internal affairs, but no specific response from Wan was publicly reported. [](https://www.voachinese.com/a/us-sanctions-chinese-officials-20201208/5690490.html)