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War Resisters' International
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War Resisters' International
War Resisters' International (WRI) is an international anti-war organisation headquartered in London, with members and affiliates in over 40 countries.
War Resisters' International was founded in Bilthoven, Netherlands in 1921 under the name Paco, which means "peace" in Esperanto. WRI adopted a founding declaration that has remained unchanged:
War is a crime against humanity. I am therefore determined not to support any kind of war and to strive for the removal of all causes of war.
It adopted the broken rifle as its symbol in 1931.
Many of its founders had been involved in the resistance to the First World War: its first Secretary, Herbert Runham Brown, had spent two and a half years in a British prison as a conscientious objector. Two years later, in 1923, Tracy Dickinson Mygatt, Frances M. Witherspoon, Jessie Wallace Hughan, and John Haynes Holmes founded the War Resisters League in the United States.
Notable members include Dutch anarchist Bart de Ligt, Quaker Richard Gregg and Tolstoyan Valentin Bulgakov. WRI attracted some of the world's greatest pacifist thinkers and activists, including George Lansbury, Mahatma Gandhi, Bertrand Russell, Bayard Rustin, Martin Niemöller and Danilo Dolci. The group had a close working relationship with sections of the Gandhian movement. In January 1948, Gandhi attended a preparatory meeting for the World Pacifist Meeting he called, at the behest of WRI, and which eventually took place in December 1949. It took the form of 50 international pacifists meeting with 25 of Gandhi's close associates in an "unhurried conference" in Santiniketan, West Bengal.
In the 1930s and 1940s, WRI helped to rescue people from persecution in Fascist Italy and in Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler. WRI found many people safe homes with WRI members in other countries. One of the leaders of the Norwegian branch of WRI (FmK), Olaf Kullmann, was arrested by the German cccupation forces for his pacifist agitation; he was sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he died in 1942.
During the Cold War, WRI consistently sought out war resisters in the Soviet bloc: first individuals, and later groups. After the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia, WRI organised protest demonstrations in four Warsaw Pact capitals.
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War Resisters' International
War Resisters' International (WRI) is an international anti-war organisation headquartered in London, with members and affiliates in over 40 countries.
War Resisters' International was founded in Bilthoven, Netherlands in 1921 under the name Paco, which means "peace" in Esperanto. WRI adopted a founding declaration that has remained unchanged:
War is a crime against humanity. I am therefore determined not to support any kind of war and to strive for the removal of all causes of war.
It adopted the broken rifle as its symbol in 1931.
Many of its founders had been involved in the resistance to the First World War: its first Secretary, Herbert Runham Brown, had spent two and a half years in a British prison as a conscientious objector. Two years later, in 1923, Tracy Dickinson Mygatt, Frances M. Witherspoon, Jessie Wallace Hughan, and John Haynes Holmes founded the War Resisters League in the United States.
Notable members include Dutch anarchist Bart de Ligt, Quaker Richard Gregg and Tolstoyan Valentin Bulgakov. WRI attracted some of the world's greatest pacifist thinkers and activists, including George Lansbury, Mahatma Gandhi, Bertrand Russell, Bayard Rustin, Martin Niemöller and Danilo Dolci. The group had a close working relationship with sections of the Gandhian movement. In January 1948, Gandhi attended a preparatory meeting for the World Pacifist Meeting he called, at the behest of WRI, and which eventually took place in December 1949. It took the form of 50 international pacifists meeting with 25 of Gandhi's close associates in an "unhurried conference" in Santiniketan, West Bengal.
In the 1930s and 1940s, WRI helped to rescue people from persecution in Fascist Italy and in Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler. WRI found many people safe homes with WRI members in other countries. One of the leaders of the Norwegian branch of WRI (FmK), Olaf Kullmann, was arrested by the German cccupation forces for his pacifist agitation; he was sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he died in 1942.
During the Cold War, WRI consistently sought out war resisters in the Soviet bloc: first individuals, and later groups. After the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia, WRI organised protest demonstrations in four Warsaw Pact capitals.