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Werner Scholem
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Werner Scholem
Werner Scholem (29 December 1895 – 17 July 1940) was a German communist politician and journalist who served in the Landtag of Prussia from 1921 to 1925 and the Reichstag from 1924 to 1928. He was a leading member of the Communist Party of Germany from 1924 to 1925, part of a triumvirate alongside Ruth Fischer and Arkadi Maslow. He was executed in Buchenwald in 1940. Scholem and his wife, Emmy, were portrayed in the 2014 documentary "Between Utopia and Counter Revolution."
Scholem was born on December 29, 1895, into a Jewish family in Berlin. His father was a print shop owner. His brother was Gershom Scholem.
In their youth, Werner and Gerhard (later Gershom) were members of the Zionist youth-movement "Jung Juda". Shortly before the outbreak of the First World War, Werner joined a socialist workers' youth group. During the war, both brothers debated the conflicts and common grounds of Zionism and socialism.
From the age of 16, Scholem became involved in journalism. In 1915, he was drafted into the German Army, and the following year was wounded during the Serbian campaign. In 1917, he joined the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) and was temporarily detained at Roter Ochse for insulting the Emperor and anti-war activities.
In the Gershom Scholem Collection at the National Library of Israel, there is a copy of Solomon Schecter's German book on Hasidism, "Die Chassidim", published in Berlin in 1904. The book contains the signature of Werner Scholem, and at some point, it came into the possession of his younger brother Gershom.
In 1919, Scholem worked in Halle (Saale), as editor of the Volksblatt.
In 1920, Scholem joined the Communist Party of Germany with the left wing of the USPD. In 1921, he became one of the Party's representatives to the Prussian Landtag. The same year, Scholem was entrusted with editing the party newspaper Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag).
A warrant was issued for his arrest only weeks later, on charges that he had sponsored the calls for workers to strike and to engage in violent uprisings against the state that March. Later, the charge that he supervised the publication of an article revealing the intentions of Germany to invade Polish territory in Silesia increased the potential severity of sentence—escalating the charge to treason. It later turned out that the documents reported in this article were forgeries although there was, in fact, something like a full-scale war going on in Silesia at that time, with German personnel in the fighting coming from the Freikorps. Perhaps the documents were forged in the sense that they had been written up by members of the Freikorps? Though plausible, no one can say, because the documents are not archived along with his court proceedings. The apparent counterfeiting did not reduce the threat of a long imprisonment for Scholem (who as a member of the Prussian Landtag was supposed to be immune from prosecution but had been exposed to this assault by a vote of the Landtag to permit it).
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Werner Scholem
Werner Scholem (29 December 1895 – 17 July 1940) was a German communist politician and journalist who served in the Landtag of Prussia from 1921 to 1925 and the Reichstag from 1924 to 1928. He was a leading member of the Communist Party of Germany from 1924 to 1925, part of a triumvirate alongside Ruth Fischer and Arkadi Maslow. He was executed in Buchenwald in 1940. Scholem and his wife, Emmy, were portrayed in the 2014 documentary "Between Utopia and Counter Revolution."
Scholem was born on December 29, 1895, into a Jewish family in Berlin. His father was a print shop owner. His brother was Gershom Scholem.
In their youth, Werner and Gerhard (later Gershom) were members of the Zionist youth-movement "Jung Juda". Shortly before the outbreak of the First World War, Werner joined a socialist workers' youth group. During the war, both brothers debated the conflicts and common grounds of Zionism and socialism.
From the age of 16, Scholem became involved in journalism. In 1915, he was drafted into the German Army, and the following year was wounded during the Serbian campaign. In 1917, he joined the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) and was temporarily detained at Roter Ochse for insulting the Emperor and anti-war activities.
In the Gershom Scholem Collection at the National Library of Israel, there is a copy of Solomon Schecter's German book on Hasidism, "Die Chassidim", published in Berlin in 1904. The book contains the signature of Werner Scholem, and at some point, it came into the possession of his younger brother Gershom.
In 1919, Scholem worked in Halle (Saale), as editor of the Volksblatt.
In 1920, Scholem joined the Communist Party of Germany with the left wing of the USPD. In 1921, he became one of the Party's representatives to the Prussian Landtag. The same year, Scholem was entrusted with editing the party newspaper Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag).
A warrant was issued for his arrest only weeks later, on charges that he had sponsored the calls for workers to strike and to engage in violent uprisings against the state that March. Later, the charge that he supervised the publication of an article revealing the intentions of Germany to invade Polish territory in Silesia increased the potential severity of sentence—escalating the charge to treason. It later turned out that the documents reported in this article were forgeries although there was, in fact, something like a full-scale war going on in Silesia at that time, with German personnel in the fighting coming from the Freikorps. Perhaps the documents were forged in the sense that they had been written up by members of the Freikorps? Though plausible, no one can say, because the documents are not archived along with his court proceedings. The apparent counterfeiting did not reduce the threat of a long imprisonment for Scholem (who as a member of the Prussian Landtag was supposed to be immune from prosecution but had been exposed to this assault by a vote of the Landtag to permit it).
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