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West Baltic languages
The West Baltic languages are a group of extinct Baltic languages that were spoken by West Baltic peoples. West Baltic is one of the two primary branches of Baltic languages, along with East Baltic. It includes Old Prussian, Sudovian, West Galindian, possibly Pomeranian Baltic, Skalvian and Old Curonian.
The only properly attested West Baltic language of which texts are known is Old Prussian, although there are a few short remnants of Old Curonian and Sudovian in the form of isolated words and short phrases. Many West Baltic languages went extinct in the 16th century while Old Prussian ceased to be spoken in the early 18th century.
The only languages securely classified as West Baltic are Old Prussian and West Galindian, which could also be a dialect of Old Prussian.
Most scholars consider Skalvian to be a West Baltic language or dialect. Another possible classification is a transitional language between West and East Baltic.
Sudovian is either classified as an Old Prussian dialect, a West Baltic language or a transitional language between West and East Baltic. The former two options would leave Sudovian in the West Baltic phylum.
Old Curonian is the least securely classified language. It is argued to be either West Baltic with significant East Baltic influence, or East Baltic.
West Baltic was presumably native to the north of Central Europe, especially modern Poland, and the western Baltic region, which includes parts of modern Latvia and Lithuania. The West Baltic branch probably fully separated from East Baltic around the 4th–3rd century BCE, although their differences go as far as the middle of the last millennium BC.
Unlike the East Baltic languages, West Baltic languages generally conserved the following features: the diphthong *ei (e.g. deiws 'god', (acc) deinan 'day'), palatalized consonants /kʲ/, /gʲ/ (they are preserved also in the Lithuanian language), and the consonant clusters /tl/ and /dl/. They also preserved three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Sudovian and Old Curonian shared the suffix -ng-, which can be observed in various hydronyms and oeconyms (e.g. Apsingė, Nedzingė, Pilvingis, Suvingis, Palanga, Alsunga) found in southern Lithuania, western Lithuania and Latvia. West Balts possessed double-stemmed personal names with distinct compounds (e.g. Net(i)-, Sebei-), which are unusual to the anthroponymy of the East Balts.
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West Baltic languages
The West Baltic languages are a group of extinct Baltic languages that were spoken by West Baltic peoples. West Baltic is one of the two primary branches of Baltic languages, along with East Baltic. It includes Old Prussian, Sudovian, West Galindian, possibly Pomeranian Baltic, Skalvian and Old Curonian.
The only properly attested West Baltic language of which texts are known is Old Prussian, although there are a few short remnants of Old Curonian and Sudovian in the form of isolated words and short phrases. Many West Baltic languages went extinct in the 16th century while Old Prussian ceased to be spoken in the early 18th century.
The only languages securely classified as West Baltic are Old Prussian and West Galindian, which could also be a dialect of Old Prussian.
Most scholars consider Skalvian to be a West Baltic language or dialect. Another possible classification is a transitional language between West and East Baltic.
Sudovian is either classified as an Old Prussian dialect, a West Baltic language or a transitional language between West and East Baltic. The former two options would leave Sudovian in the West Baltic phylum.
Old Curonian is the least securely classified language. It is argued to be either West Baltic with significant East Baltic influence, or East Baltic.
West Baltic was presumably native to the north of Central Europe, especially modern Poland, and the western Baltic region, which includes parts of modern Latvia and Lithuania. The West Baltic branch probably fully separated from East Baltic around the 4th–3rd century BCE, although their differences go as far as the middle of the last millennium BC.
Unlike the East Baltic languages, West Baltic languages generally conserved the following features: the diphthong *ei (e.g. deiws 'god', (acc) deinan 'day'), palatalized consonants /kʲ/, /gʲ/ (they are preserved also in the Lithuanian language), and the consonant clusters /tl/ and /dl/. They also preserved three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Sudovian and Old Curonian shared the suffix -ng-, which can be observed in various hydronyms and oeconyms (e.g. Apsingė, Nedzingė, Pilvingis, Suvingis, Palanga, Alsunga) found in southern Lithuania, western Lithuania and Latvia. West Balts possessed double-stemmed personal names with distinct compounds (e.g. Net(i)-, Sebei-), which are unusual to the anthroponymy of the East Balts.