Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld

Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld, also spelled Zonnenfeld (Hebrew: יוסף חיים זאננענפעלד; 1 December 1848 – 26 February 1932), was the rabbi and co-founder of the Edah HaChareidis, the Haredi Jewish community of Jerusalem, during the years of the British Mandate of Palestine. He was noted for his vehement opposition to Zionism.

Sonnenfeld was born in Verbó in the Austrian Empire on December 1, 1848. His father, Rabbi Avraham Shlomo Sonnenfeld, died when Yosef Chaim was five years old. He completed his elementary schooling at age eight, and after hearing that his step-father wanted to send him to Gymnasium, he fled back to Verbó, where he learnt under Rabbi Chaim Tzvi Mannheimer [he]. At sixteen he received the title "Chaver", and went to study under Rabbi Samuel Benjamin Sofer (the Ksav Sofer). In 1870 he was ordained as rabbi, and married the daughter of a wealthy merchant from Kobersdorf, where he lived after his marriage, studying under Rabbi Avrohom Shag [he]. In 1873 Shag decided to emigrate to Palestine, and Sonnenfeld decided to follow along, settling in Jerusalem.

Sonnenfeld was the right-hand man of Yehoshua Leib Diskin and assisted the latter in communal activities, such as the founding of schools and the Diskin Orphanage, and fighting against secularism and Zionism.

Sonnenfeld was one of the leaders of the Hungarian Kollel Shomrei HaChomos in Jerusalem, and was the president of the Burial Society.

Sonnenfeld did not want the Orthodox Jewish community to become subject to Zionist authority and often referred to the Zionists as "evil men and ruffians", claiming that "Hell had entered the Land of Israel with Herzl." Sonnenfeld's top diplomat, Dr. Jacob Israël de Haan, endeavored to form an alliance with the Arab nationalist leadership and hoped to reach an agreement that would allow unrestricted Jewish settlement in Arab lands in return for the relinquishment of Jewish political aspirations. In June 1924, de Haan was assassinated by the Haganah after having conveyed his proposals to King Hussein and his sons, Faisal and Abdullah.

Eventually Sonnenfeld founded the Edah HaChareidis along with Rabbi Yitzchok Yerucham Diskin in 1918, to separate from the Zionist-controlled General City Council [he]. Sonnenfeld had previously been the de facto chief rabbi of Jerusalem since 1909, after the death of Rabbi Shmuel Salant, but only accepted the official title in 1920, in order to counter the establishment of the Chief Rabbinate by the Zionist movement under British auspices.

Though Sonnenfeld and Abraham Isaac Kook were vigorous opponents in many areas, especially Zionism, the two had a relationship of mutual respect.

Sonnenfeld died on February 26, 1932, and was interred on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, beside his former teacher Rabbi Avrohom Shag.