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Yugo
Yugo (pronounced [ˈjûɡo]), also known as the Zastava Yugo, Zastava Koral (pronounced [ˈzâːstaʋa ˈkǒraːl], Serbian Cyrillic: Застава Корал), Yugo Koral, or Jugo, is a subcompact hatchback manufactured by Zastava Automobiles from 1980 until 2008, originally a Yugoslav corporation. Originally named the Zastava Jugo 45, various other names were also used over the car's long production run, like Yugo Tempo, Yugo Ciao, or Innocenti Koral. It was most commonly marketed as the Yugo 45/55/60/65, with the number referring to the car's maximum power. In the United States, it was sold as the Yugo GV (and sub-versions).
Originally designed as a shortened variant of the Fiat 128, series production started in 1980. The Zastava Koral IN, a facelifted model, was marketed until 2008, after which the production of all Zastava cars ended. Between 1980–2008, more than 794,000 Yugos were produced in total.
The Yugo was marketed in the United States from 1985 to 1992 by Malcolm Bricklin, who asked Jerry Puchkoff to conceive and produce the market introduction and launch of the Yugo in 1985 with a total of 141,651 sold, peaking at 48,812 in 1987 and falling to 1,412 in 1992. Despite moderate success during its run in the United States and several other export markets, it was criticized for its design, poor safety, and reliability, though the car has also picked up a cult following.
Over the course of its production, the model range was marketed under various nameplates:
Yugo 45 derivative models have included the Yugo 55, 60, and 65, which all indicated the power of the fitted engine in HP. Yugo engines were produced by the Belgrade company 21. Maj (DMB). The 1.0 L and 1.1 L engine was produced and fitted with a carburetor until its end of production in 2010.
In the 1980s, fuel-injected models with a higher engine capacity were gradually introduced, starting with the GVX-EFI (Koral 65). The fuel-injection system was a Motronic MP3.1, which was later upgraded by Bosch as the Motronic M4.6 MPI on 1.1 L and 1.3 L engines, adding multiport fuel injection. It had a three-way catalytic converter and a Lambda sensor.
Zastava did not target only the West: In early 1985, 500 Yugos were exported to China, and exports to Bulgaria and Egypt were already established.
Near the end of its production run, Zastava sold an updated version of the Yugo Koral model, known as the Zastava Koral IN, which had central locking. It included a three-step rotary switch for leveling the headlamps in four positions, four-speaker audio system, electric windows, folding electro-adjustable side-view mirrors, alloy wheels, an optional air conditioner, and an optional Renault-designed three-speed automatic transmission. Zastava sold these in Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Greece, Lebanon, Libya, Syria, Tunisia, and Egypt.
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Yugo
Yugo (pronounced [ˈjûɡo]), also known as the Zastava Yugo, Zastava Koral (pronounced [ˈzâːstaʋa ˈkǒraːl], Serbian Cyrillic: Застава Корал), Yugo Koral, or Jugo, is a subcompact hatchback manufactured by Zastava Automobiles from 1980 until 2008, originally a Yugoslav corporation. Originally named the Zastava Jugo 45, various other names were also used over the car's long production run, like Yugo Tempo, Yugo Ciao, or Innocenti Koral. It was most commonly marketed as the Yugo 45/55/60/65, with the number referring to the car's maximum power. In the United States, it was sold as the Yugo GV (and sub-versions).
Originally designed as a shortened variant of the Fiat 128, series production started in 1980. The Zastava Koral IN, a facelifted model, was marketed until 2008, after which the production of all Zastava cars ended. Between 1980–2008, more than 794,000 Yugos were produced in total.
The Yugo was marketed in the United States from 1985 to 1992 by Malcolm Bricklin, who asked Jerry Puchkoff to conceive and produce the market introduction and launch of the Yugo in 1985 with a total of 141,651 sold, peaking at 48,812 in 1987 and falling to 1,412 in 1992. Despite moderate success during its run in the United States and several other export markets, it was criticized for its design, poor safety, and reliability, though the car has also picked up a cult following.
Over the course of its production, the model range was marketed under various nameplates:
Yugo 45 derivative models have included the Yugo 55, 60, and 65, which all indicated the power of the fitted engine in HP. Yugo engines were produced by the Belgrade company 21. Maj (DMB). The 1.0 L and 1.1 L engine was produced and fitted with a carburetor until its end of production in 2010.
In the 1980s, fuel-injected models with a higher engine capacity were gradually introduced, starting with the GVX-EFI (Koral 65). The fuel-injection system was a Motronic MP3.1, which was later upgraded by Bosch as the Motronic M4.6 MPI on 1.1 L and 1.3 L engines, adding multiport fuel injection. It had a three-way catalytic converter and a Lambda sensor.
Zastava did not target only the West: In early 1985, 500 Yugos were exported to China, and exports to Bulgaria and Egypt were already established.
Near the end of its production run, Zastava sold an updated version of the Yugo Koral model, known as the Zastava Koral IN, which had central locking. It included a three-step rotary switch for leveling the headlamps in four positions, four-speaker audio system, electric windows, folding electro-adjustable side-view mirrors, alloy wheels, an optional air conditioner, and an optional Renault-designed three-speed automatic transmission. Zastava sold these in Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Greece, Lebanon, Libya, Syria, Tunisia, and Egypt.