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2000 in Brazil
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| 2000 in Brazil |
|---|
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 27 stars (1992–present) |
| Timeline of Brazilian history |
| History of Brazil (1985–present) |
| Year of Constitution: 1988 |
Events in the year 2000 in Brazil.
Incumbents
[edit]Federal government
[edit]Governors
[edit]- Acre: Jorge Viana
- Alagoas: Ronaldo Lessa
- Amapa: João Capiberibe
- Amazonas: Amazonino Mendes
- Bahia: César Borges
- Ceará: Tasso Jereissati
- Espírito Santo: José Ignácio Ferreira
- Goiás: Marconi Perillo
- Maranhão: Roseana Sarney
- Mato Grosso: Dante de Oliveira
- Mato Grosso do Sul: José Orcírio Miranda dos Santos
- Minas Gerais: Itamar Franco
- Pará: Almir Gabriel
- Paraíba: José Maranhão
- Paraná: Jaime Lerner
- Pernambuco: Jarbas Vasconcelos
- Piauí: Mão Santa
- Rio de Janeiro: Anthony Garotinho
- Rio Grande do Norte:Garibaldi Alves Filho
- Rio Grande do Sul: Olívio Dutra
- Rondônia: José de Abreu Bianco
- Roraima: Neudo Ribeiro Campos
- Santa Catarina: Esperidião Amin
- São Paulo: Mário Covas
- Sergipe: Albano Franco
- Tocantins: José Wilson Siqueira Campos
Vice governors
[edit]- Acre: Edison Simão Cadaxo
- Alagoas: Geraldo Costa Sampaio
- Amapá: Maria Dalva de Souza Figueiredo
- Amazonas: Samuel Assayag Hanan
- Bahia: Otto Alencar
- Ceará: Benedito Clayton Veras Alcântara
- Espírito Santo: Celso José Vasconcelos
- Goiás: Alcides Rodrigues Filho
- Maranhão: José Reinaldo Carneiro Tavares
- Mato Grosso: José Rogério Sales
- Mato Grosso do Sul: Moacir Kohl
- Minas Gerais: Newton Cardoso
- Pará: Hildegardo de Figueiredo Nunes
- Paraíba: Antônio Roberto de Sousa Paulino
- Paraná: Emília de Sales Belinati
- Pernambuco: José Mendonça Bezerra Filho
- Piauí: Osmar Ribeiro de Almeida Júnior
- Rio de Janeiro: Benedita da Silva
- Rio Grande do Norte: Fernando Freire
- Rio Grande do Sul: Miguel Soldatelli Rossetto
- Rondônia: Miguel de Souza
- Roraima: Francisco Flamarion Portela
- Santa Catarina: Paulo Roberto Bauer
- São Paulo: Geraldo Alckmin
- Sergipe: Benedito de Figueiredo
- Tocantins: João Lisboa da Cruz
Events
[edit]January
[edit]- January 18: A leak in a Petrobrás pipeline spills more than 500,000 liters of oil into Guanabara Bay, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the worst environmental accident since 1975.[2]
March
[edit]- March 10: Nicéia Pitta denounces corruption in the administration of the mayor of São Paulo and her ex-husband Celso Pitta, who was removed from office by the justice system for 18 days.[3]
April
[edit]- April 9: A 6-year-old boy is attacked and devoured by lions at a circus in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco.[4]
- April 22: The 500th anniversary of the Discovery of Brazil takes place in Porto Seguro, Bahia. Clashes and technical problems with a replica of Pedro Álvares Cabral's ship turn the celebrations into a disaster.[5]
June
[edit]- June 10: A plane crash in Maripá de Minas kills actor and swimmer Rômulo Arantes and co-pilot Fábio Amorim Ruivo.[6]
- June 12: Bus line 174 is hijacked by Sandro Barbosa do Nascimento, who held ten hostages for four hours, in Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro.[7]
- June 28: The Federal Senate revokes the mandate of Senator Luiz Estêvão for breach of parliamentary decorum, by 52 votes to 18. This is the first time in Brazilian history that a member of the house loses his position.[8]
- 30 June: Brazil and Argentina sign an agreement to promote and enhance trade in the automotive industry.[9]
July
[edit]- July 28: A runaway CPTM train collides with another at the Perus Station in São Paulo, killing 9 people and leaving 115 injured.[10]
August
[edit]- August 18: A VASP Boeing 737-2A1 (registration PP-SMG) en route from Foz do Iguaçu to Afonso Pena International Airport in Curitiba is hijacked by 5 people with the purpose of robbing BRL 5 million (approximately US$2.75 million) that the aircraft was transporting. The pilot is forced to land at Porecatu where the hijackers fled with the money. No one was injured.[11][12]
October
[edit]- October 1: The first round of elections for mayors and councilors across the country take place.[13][14]
- October 29: The second round of mayoral elections take place in 31 cities across the country.[13]
November
[edit]- November 21: Banco Banespa is privatized by the Cardoso administration and sold to the Spanish bank Santander for a bid of R$7.05 billion.[15]
December
[edit]- December 8: Retired judge Nicolau dos Santos Neto surrenders to federal agents in Rio Grande do Sul, after being accused of embezzlement. He is arrested in São Paulo after spending 227 days on the run.[16]
- December 30: Around the 23 minute mark of the Copa João Havelange final (equivalent to the Brazilian Championship of the season), between Vasco da Gama and São Caetano, a part of the fence at the São Januário Stadium falls and disrupts the game. The game is suspended by order of Rio de Janeiro governor Anthony Garotinho and rescheduled for January of the following year.[17][18]
Births
[edit]January
[edit]- January 16 – Brenner, footballer
February
[edit]- February 23 – Antony, footballer
May
[edit]- May 23 – Felipe Drugovich, racing driver
July
[edit]- July 12 – Vinícius Júnior, footballer
- July 15 – Paulinho, footballer
Deaths
[edit]February
[edit]- February 26: Casimiro Montenegro Filho, army and air force officer, 95
April
[edit]- April 4: Brandãozinho, footballer, 74
- April 8: Moacir Barbosa Nascimento, footballer, 79
May
[edit]- May 1: Cláudio Christovam de Pinho, footballer, 77
- May 18: Domingos da Guia, footballer, 87
June
[edit]- June 10: Rômulo Arantes, swimmer and actor, 42
- June 12: Sandro Rosa do Nascimento, hijacker, 21[19]
- June 25: Wilson Simonal, singer, 62
July
[edit]- July 6: Barbosa Lima Sobrinho, lawyer and historian, 103
- July 17: Dona Neuma, samba dancer, 78[20]
September
[edit]- September 26: Baden Powell, guitarist, 63
December
[edit]- December 21: Décio Esteves, footballer, 73
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Fernando Henrique Cardoso | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^ Mancha de óleo no RJ passa de 80km2 (primeira página do 1° caderno), Folha de S.Paulo (20 de janeiro de 2000).
- ^ Brasil, CPDOC-Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação História Contemporânea do. "Celso Roberto Pitta do Nascimento". CPDOC - Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-06-04.
- ^ "Criança é devorada por leoes em circo de PE - Diário do Grande ABC - Notícias e informações do Grande ABC: nacional". www.dgabc.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 April 2000. Retrieved 2022-04-10.
- ^ "De nau a pior".
- ^ Acidente de avião mata o ator e nadador Rômulo Arantes, Folha de S.Paulo (10 de junho de 2000).
- ^ Sequestro de ônibus acaba com 2 mortos (primeira página do 1° caderno), Folha de S.Paulo (13 de junho de 2000).
- ^ "Em 2000, acidente com trens em SP deixou 9 mortos e 115 feridos". Folha de S.Paulo. folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ "Argentina, Brazil Reach Accord To Liberalize Trade in Vehicles". WSJ.
- ^ "Em 2000, acidente com trens em SP deixou 9 mortos e 115 feridos". Folha de S.Paulo. folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
- ^ "Incident description PP-SMG". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
- ^ Maschio, José (21 August 2000). "PF liga sequestro de avião da VASP à rebelião em penitenciária em Roraima" (in Portuguese). Folha Online. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
- ^ a b "Cronologia das eleições no Brasil (1945 - 2008)". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. Archived from the original on 2012-02-23. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
- ^ Marta e Maluf vão ao 2° turno; PT já busca o apoio de tucanos (primeira página do 1° caderno), Folha de S.Paulo (2 de outubro de 2000).
- ^ "Santander paga R$ 7,05 bi por banco; ágio vai a 281%". Folha de S.Paulo. folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
- ^ Ex-juiz Nicolau se entrega à PF (primeira página do 1° caderno), Folha de S.Paulo (9 de dezembro de 2000).
- ^ O final da Copa JH, Folha de S.Paulo (31 de dezembro de 2000).
- ^ "Fence collapse hits soccer final". BBC News. 30 December 2000. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
- ^ Gustavo Procopio Furtado (7 December 2018). Documentary Filmmaking in Contemporary Brazil: Cinematic Archives of the Present. Oxford University Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-19-086707-2.
- ^ Rocha, Jan (26 July 2000). "Neuma Goncalves da Silva". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
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2000 in Brazil
View on Grokipediafrom Grokipedia
Politics and Government
Incumbents
- President: Fernando Henrique Cardoso (in office since 1 January 1995).[9]
- Vice President: Marco Maciel (in office since 1 January 1995).[10]
Elections and Scandals
Municipal elections were held across Brazil on October 1, 2000, with second-round runoffs on October 29 in larger cities, determining mayors and city councilors for over 5,500 municipalities.[4] These contests highlighted party performances amid economic stabilization under President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, with the Workers' Party (PT) achieving notable advances, including Marta Suplicy's victory in São Paulo over Paulo Maluf after a competitive campaign influenced by media coverage.[11] A significant political scandal unfolded in mid-2000 involving kickbacks and embezzlement in the construction of the Ministry of Social Security building, totaling around 169 million reais (approximately US$90 million) in irregularities tied to contracts awarded to constructor Brasília Empreendimentos.[12] Senator Luiz Estevão de Oliveira (PMDB), linked to the firm through associates, faced impeachment by the Senate Ethics Committee—the first such action against a sitting senator in Brazilian history—for diverting public funds via over-invoicing and fictitious expenses.[13] The affair drew investigations into broader influence-peddling networks, prompting government officials to assert that President Cardoso remained unaffected in his governance capacity, drawing parallels to unaffected U.S. leadership amid unrelated controversies.[14] Concurrently, efforts to combat electoral corruption intensified with a new law targeting vote-buying and undue influence, reflecting public demands for cleaner politics ahead of the local races.[15]Incidents and Disasters
Environmental Disasters
In January 2000, a pipeline rupture in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, released over 1 million liters of crude oil into the waterway, contaminating mangrove ecosystems and marine habitats in one of Brazil's most polluted bays.[16] The spill exacerbated existing pollution issues, affecting fisheries and local wildlife, with cleanup efforts involving booms and dispersants proving only partially effective due to the bay's enclosed geography.[17] In July 2000, a major oil spill occurred in southern Brazil when a Petrobras refinery leak discharged approximately 4 million liters of petroleum into the Iguaçu River, threatening water supplies and ecosystems downstream toward Foz do Iguaçu.[18] Emergency measures, including barriers and diversion channels, contained the spread before it reached critical areas like the Iguaçu Falls, though long-term soil and riverbed contamination persisted, marking it as one of the largest inland oil incidents in the country's history.[19]Transportation Accidents
In January 2000, a severe bus collision occurred on a fog-shrouded mountain highway near Pouso Redondo, approximately 340 miles southwest of São Paulo, resulting in 39 fatalities, including 38 Argentine tourists and one Brazilian.[20] The accident involved multiple buses and highlighted hazardous road conditions in rural areas during adverse weather. On February 2, a bus struck a truck on a steep mountain road, killing three people and injuring 40 others in another incident underscoring vulnerabilities in Brazil's intercity transport network.[21] These events contributed to broader patterns of road traffic injuries, with national statistics reflecting ongoing challenges in vehicle safety and infrastructure, though specific aviation or rail disasters were not prominently reported that year.[22]Crime and Public Safety
One of the most high-profile criminal incidents in Brazil during 2000 was the hijacking of Bus 174 in Rio de Janeiro on June 12. A gunman named Sandro Barbosa do Nascimento boarded the bus in Jardim Botânico, taking several passengers hostage in an apparent robbery attempt that escalated into a four-hour standoff broadcast live on television. [23] The event exposed deep social inequalities and flaws in police response, culminating in the death of one hostage during a botched rescue operation as authorities stormed the vehicle. [23] Police violence remained a significant public safety concern, with reports indicating heightened civilian deaths at the hands of law enforcement. In São Paulo state, police killings surged, with 489 civilians reported dead in the first half of the year alone, marking a sharp increase from prior periods and reflecting ongoing patterns of extrajudicial actions amid rising urban crime. [24] Nationally, efforts to combat an epidemic of violent crime, including homicides driven by organized groups and firearms proliferation, prompted discussions on policing reforms, though a new public-security plan was criticized for lacking sufficient radical measures to address brutality and ineffectiveness. [25] In August 1999, trials commenced for 153 military police officers charged with aggravated homicide in the 1996 massacre of 19 landless rural workers in Pará state, highlighting accountability challenges in cases of state-perpetrated violence. [26] These events underscored broader tensions in public safety, where high crime rates intersected with aggressive policing tactics, contributing to public distrust in institutions.[25]Culture and Commemorations
500th Anniversary Celebrations
The 500th anniversary of Pedro Álvares Cabral's arrival in Brazil on April 22, 1500, was officially commemorated on April 22, 2000, with major events centered in Porto Seguro, Bahia, the site of the original landing.[27][3] Ceremonies included the reenactment of the fleet's arrival using replica caravels, though technical issues with the vessels disrupted proceedings.[3] President Fernando Henrique Cardoso participated in national tributes, emphasizing Brazil's multicultural heritage amid the festivities.[2] Nationwide celebrations featured cultural programs across states, including artistic manifestations, exhibitions, and media campaigns promoted by outlets like Rede Globo starting in 1998.[28] The São Paulo Museum of Art (MASP) launched commemorative shows highlighting Brazil's historical art from the discovery era.[29] A special 10 reais banknote was issued by the Central Bank to mark the occasion, symbolizing economic recognition of the milestone.[30] The events sparked significant controversy, particularly among indigenous groups who protested the narrative of "discovery" as a form of Portuguese invasion and the onset of 500 years of oppression.[31] In Porto Seguro, demonstrations turned violent, with clashes between protesters and authorities marring the official program.[3] This self-examination prompted broader reflections on Brazil's colonial legacy, blending festivity with critique of historical inequalities.[32]Arts and Entertainment
In film, Bossa Nova, a romantic comedy directed by Bruno Barreto and starring Amy Irving and Antonio Fagundes, was released, blending bossa nova rhythms with contemporary Rio de Janeiro life.[33] Another significant release was the adaptation of O Auto da Compadecida, a beloved tale of two rogues in Northeast Brazil, which drew large audiences and highlighted regional storytelling traditions.[34] Music saw the rise of Brazil's electronic dance scene, with drum and bass gaining traction through DJs like Marky, who helped internationalize Brazilian beats amid the early-2000s rave boom.[35] Funk carioca continued to evolve in Rio's favelas, fusing baile funk rhythms with urban youth culture, while artists like Ivete Sangalo solidified axé's mainstream appeal.[36][37] In literature, children's author Ana Maria Machado received the Hans Christian Andersen Award, recognizing her contributions to global youth storytelling and affirming Brazil's presence in international literary honors.[38] The Prêmio Jabuti highlighted romance novels, underscoring ongoing literary innovation amid Brazil's diverse narrative traditions.[39]Sports
Domestic Football
The 2000 Brazilian domestic football season was dominated by the Copa João Havelange, a restructured national championship organized by the Clube dos 13 amid a Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (CBF) crisis triggered by a court ruling that blocked Gama's relegation from the prior year. This expanded tournament involved 116 teams across four modules, with the elite Blue Module featuring top clubs advancing to playoffs.[40] Vasco da Gama clinched the title, their fourth national championship, by overcoming São Caetano in the final with a 1-1 first-leg draw followed by a 3-1 victory in the second leg, highlighted by goals from Romário and Juninho Pernambucano.[41] Cruzeiro topped the Blue Module regular season, but Vasco's playoff success underscored their resurgence under coach Joel Santana.[40] State championships, held primarily in the first half of the year, served as qualifiers for the national competition and crowned regional powers, though they were overshadowed by the federal turmoil. The format emphasized early-season intensity, blending traditional rivalries with pathways to broader exposure.[40]International Competitions
Brazil competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, sending athletes to disciplines including athletics, sailing, volleyball, and handball. The delegation earned 12 medals in total, comprising six silver and six bronze, placing Brazil among the top medal-winning nations despite no golds.[42] In beach volleyball, Sandra Pires and Adriana Samuel secured bronze by defeating Japan's Yukiko Takahashi and Teru Saiki, marking their second Olympic medal as a pair after gold in 1996.[43] Brazilian efforts in other events contributed to the overall tally, reflecting competitive performances across multiple sports.[44]Economy and Trade
Privatizations and Reforms
In 2000, Brazil's privatization efforts under President Fernando Henrique Cardoso focused on divesting state-owned assets to reduce fiscal burdens and attract foreign capital, with foreign direct investment inflows totaling US$30.5 billion, of which less than US$7.1 billion was allocated to privatization activities.[45] A landmark transaction was the sale of Banco do Estado de São Paulo (Banespa), the largest state bank in the country, to Spain's Banco Santander Central Hispano for approximately US$3.6 billion, representing the highest price ever paid for a government bank in South America at the time.[46] This auction underscored the government's push for banking sector efficiency amid ongoing restructuring to address distortions from decades of high inflation.[47] Broader economic reforms complemented these privatizations by further liberalizing trade and investment regimes, building on initiatives from the prior decade to enhance openness and competitiveness.[48] These measures supported macroeconomic stability and encouraged private sector participation, though they faced criticism for increasing foreign ownership in key industries. The program's outcomes in 2000 contributed to fiscal consolidation efforts, aligning with Cardoso's neoliberal agenda to sustain the Real Plan's inflation controls.[49]Trade Agreements and Growth
Brazil's trade policy in 2000 emphasized regional integration through Mercosur, where exports to bloc partners had expanded by 30.6% cumulatively from 1994 to 2000, though imports grew faster at 70.1%, reflecting deepening but asymmetric ties.[50] A key objective was advancing Mercosur's completion by incorporating sectors previously excluded from free trade arrangements, aligning with broader economic reforms that promoted openness.[48] Intra-regional trade accounted for about 14% of Brazil's total world trade that year, underscoring Mercosur's role amid global negotiations.[51] On the multilateral front, Brazil endorsed commitments from the 1998 Miami Summit toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) by 2005, agreeing to co-chair final-phase talks with the United States to foster hemispheric liberalization.[52] These efforts built on decade-long reforms that reduced trade barriers and attracted investment, positioning Brazil to leverage agreements for export diversification beyond commodities. Economic growth accelerated to 4% in 2000, supported by trade openness and prior privatizations under President Cardoso, which stabilized the economy after earlier crises and lowered inflation to around 7% while reducing unemployment to around 10.9%.[53][54] This recovery highlighted trade policy's contribution to resilience, though challenges like widening trade imbalances persisted.[55]People
Births
- March 10 – Thiago Seyboth Wild, professional tennis player.
- July 12 – Vinícius Júnior, professional footballer.[56]
- December 28 – Larissa Manoela, actress and singer.[57]
Deaths
- April 7 – Moacir Barbosa, 79, Brazilian footballer renowned as one of the world's top goalkeepers in the late 1940s, died of a heart attack.[58]
- June 10 – Rômulo Arantes, 42, Brazilian Olympic swimmer and actor, died in a plane crash in Minas Gerais.[59]