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Academy of Persian Language and Literature
The Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) (Persian: فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی, Farhangestân-e Zabân-o Adab-e Fârsi) is the regulatory body for the Persian language, headquartered in Tehran, Iran. Formerly known as the Academy of Iran (فرهنگستان ایران, Farhangestân-e Iran), it was founded on 20 May 1935, by the initiative of Reza Shah, the first shah of the Pahlavi dynasty. The academy acts as the official authority on the language, and contributes to linguistic research on Persian and other languages of Iran.[citation needed]
The first official efforts to protect the Persian language from foreign words and to standardise its spelling of Persian orthography were made in 1871, during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar.[citation needed] After Naser al-Din Shah, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar ordered the establishment of the first Persian association in 1903. This association officially declared that it used Persian roots as the only acceptable source for coining words. The ultimate goal was to prevent books from being printed with the wrong usage of words. According to the executive guarantee of this association, the government was responsible for wrongfully-printed books. Words coined by this association, such as rāh-āhan (راهآهن) for "railway", were printed in Soltani Newspaper (روزنامه سلطانی); but the association was eventually closed due to inattention.[citation needed]
A scientific association was founded in 1911, resulting in a dictionary called Words of Scientific Association (لغت انجمن علمی), which was completed in the future and renamed Katouzian Dictionary (فرهنگ کاتوزیان).
The first academy for the Persian language was founded on 20 May 1935, under the name Academy of Iran. It was established by the initiative of Reza Shah, and mainly by Ali-Asghar Hekmat and Mohammad Ali Foroughi, all names in the nationalist movement of the time.[citation needed]
Ferdowsi was a motivation behind Reza Shah's decision to remove foreign loanwords from Persian and replacing them with Persian equivalents. In 1934, Reza Shah ordered the reconstruction of Ferdowsi's tomb and set up a country-wide ceremony in honour of a thousand years of Persian literature since the time of Ferdowsi, titled Ferdowsi millennial celebration, inviting notable Iranian and foreign scholars.[citation needed]
The members of the academy included a number of notable literary figures and highly celebrated scholars upon its foundation, including Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani, Mohammad-Taqi Bahar, Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda, Mohammad Ali Foroughi, Badiozzaman Forouzanfar, Homayun Forouzanfar, Qasem Ghani, Abdolazim Gharib, Allame Mohammad Qazvini, Mohammad Hejazi, Ali-Asghar Hekmat, Mahmoud Hessabi, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, Ahmad Matin-Daftari, Saeed Nafisi, Ebrahim Pourdavoud, Isa Sedigh, Zabihollah Safa, Ali Akbar Siassi, and Rashid Yasemi.[citation needed]
Some foreign scholars were also involved, such as Arthur Christensen (from Denmark), Mohammed Hussein Heikal (from Egypt), Abduqodir Maniyozov (from Tajikistan), Henry Masset (from France), Raf'at Pasha (from Egypt), Jan Rypka (from Czechoslovakia), Dodikhudo Saymiddinov (from Tajikistan), and Muhammadjon Shakuri (from Tajikistan) and Syed Waheed Ashraf (from India).[citation needed]
The academy was a key institution in the struggle to re-build Iran as a nation-state after the end of the Qajar era. During the 1930s and 1940s, the academy led massive campaigns to replace loanwords used during the Qajar era.
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Academy of Persian Language and Literature
The Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) (Persian: فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی, Farhangestân-e Zabân-o Adab-e Fârsi) is the regulatory body for the Persian language, headquartered in Tehran, Iran. Formerly known as the Academy of Iran (فرهنگستان ایران, Farhangestân-e Iran), it was founded on 20 May 1935, by the initiative of Reza Shah, the first shah of the Pahlavi dynasty. The academy acts as the official authority on the language, and contributes to linguistic research on Persian and other languages of Iran.[citation needed]
The first official efforts to protect the Persian language from foreign words and to standardise its spelling of Persian orthography were made in 1871, during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar.[citation needed] After Naser al-Din Shah, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar ordered the establishment of the first Persian association in 1903. This association officially declared that it used Persian roots as the only acceptable source for coining words. The ultimate goal was to prevent books from being printed with the wrong usage of words. According to the executive guarantee of this association, the government was responsible for wrongfully-printed books. Words coined by this association, such as rāh-āhan (راهآهن) for "railway", were printed in Soltani Newspaper (روزنامه سلطانی); but the association was eventually closed due to inattention.[citation needed]
A scientific association was founded in 1911, resulting in a dictionary called Words of Scientific Association (لغت انجمن علمی), which was completed in the future and renamed Katouzian Dictionary (فرهنگ کاتوزیان).
The first academy for the Persian language was founded on 20 May 1935, under the name Academy of Iran. It was established by the initiative of Reza Shah, and mainly by Ali-Asghar Hekmat and Mohammad Ali Foroughi, all names in the nationalist movement of the time.[citation needed]
Ferdowsi was a motivation behind Reza Shah's decision to remove foreign loanwords from Persian and replacing them with Persian equivalents. In 1934, Reza Shah ordered the reconstruction of Ferdowsi's tomb and set up a country-wide ceremony in honour of a thousand years of Persian literature since the time of Ferdowsi, titled Ferdowsi millennial celebration, inviting notable Iranian and foreign scholars.[citation needed]
The members of the academy included a number of notable literary figures and highly celebrated scholars upon its foundation, including Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani, Mohammad-Taqi Bahar, Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda, Mohammad Ali Foroughi, Badiozzaman Forouzanfar, Homayun Forouzanfar, Qasem Ghani, Abdolazim Gharib, Allame Mohammad Qazvini, Mohammad Hejazi, Ali-Asghar Hekmat, Mahmoud Hessabi, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, Ahmad Matin-Daftari, Saeed Nafisi, Ebrahim Pourdavoud, Isa Sedigh, Zabihollah Safa, Ali Akbar Siassi, and Rashid Yasemi.[citation needed]
Some foreign scholars were also involved, such as Arthur Christensen (from Denmark), Mohammed Hussein Heikal (from Egypt), Abduqodir Maniyozov (from Tajikistan), Henry Masset (from France), Raf'at Pasha (from Egypt), Jan Rypka (from Czechoslovakia), Dodikhudo Saymiddinov (from Tajikistan), and Muhammadjon Shakuri (from Tajikistan) and Syed Waheed Ashraf (from India).[citation needed]
The academy was a key institution in the struggle to re-build Iran as a nation-state after the end of the Qajar era. During the 1930s and 1940s, the academy led massive campaigns to replace loanwords used during the Qajar era.
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