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Artocarpus camansi
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Artocarpus camansi
Artocarpus camansi, the breadnut, is a species of medium-sized tree in the family Moraceae. The wild ancestor of A. altilis (breadfruit), it is also known as seeded breadfruit to distinguish it from its mostly seedless descendant.
The breadnut is native to New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, and the Philippines. Both the fruit and seeds are edible after cooking.
The morphology of the breadnut is a tree up to 35 metres (115 ft) tall with leaves 40–60 centimetres (16–24 in) long and 25–45 cm (10–17+1⁄2 in) wide and are pinnately lobed. The plant is monoecious and the male and female flowers occur at the tips of branches. Each male flower has two anthers, and is club-shaped. Thousands of individual male flowers are grouped together in an inflorescence measuring 3 cm (1+1⁄4 in) in diameter and 25–35 cm (10–14 in) long.
The fruit is globular, weighing 800 g (1.8 lb) and are 16–20 cm (6+1⁄2–8 in) long by 8–15 cm (3+1⁄4–6 in) wide with a yellow-green color and each mature tree can produce 600–800 fruits per year. Additionally, when ripe, the interior of the fruit is off white with a sweet taste and aroma. The fruit of the breadnut is mostly seed and the number of seeds per fruit can range from 12 to 150 per fruit at a mass of around 7–10 grams (0.25–0.35 oz) per seed. The seed of the fruit are normally spread by flying fox and other mammals.
Artocarpus camansi can be distinguished from the closely related A. altilis (breadfruit) by having spinier fruits with numerous seeds. Meanwhile, A. mariannensis can be distinguished by having dark green elongated fruits with darker yellow flesh, as well as entire or shallowly lobed leaves.
The species was first described in 1837 by the Spanish friar and botanist Francisco Manuel Blanco from specimens in the Philippines. The specific name is derived from the plant's Tagalog name kamansi.
Other common names for plant include chataigne, castaña 'tropical' (French and Spanish for the unrelated but culinarily similar chestnut), kapiak in New Guinea, katahar in Guyana, kluwih in Indonesia, sukun biji in Malaysia, kos-del, gamasi in Makassarese, (කොස්දෙල් ) in Sri Lanka, pan de fruta in Dominican Republic (Spanish for its relative breadfruit), labapin in Haïti, and pana de pepita in Puerto Rico.
Artocarpus camansi is likely endemic to New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, and the Philippines. The ambiguity of the origins of this plant is a result of spread and domestication of multiple species of breadfruit, A. camansi included, as Austronesian sailors spread from island to island in the Pacific. Artocarpus altilis, the breadfruit, is believed to be a domesticated descendant of A. camansi, selectively bred by Polynesians to be predominantly seedless.
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Artocarpus camansi
Artocarpus camansi, the breadnut, is a species of medium-sized tree in the family Moraceae. The wild ancestor of A. altilis (breadfruit), it is also known as seeded breadfruit to distinguish it from its mostly seedless descendant.
The breadnut is native to New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, and the Philippines. Both the fruit and seeds are edible after cooking.
The morphology of the breadnut is a tree up to 35 metres (115 ft) tall with leaves 40–60 centimetres (16–24 in) long and 25–45 cm (10–17+1⁄2 in) wide and are pinnately lobed. The plant is monoecious and the male and female flowers occur at the tips of branches. Each male flower has two anthers, and is club-shaped. Thousands of individual male flowers are grouped together in an inflorescence measuring 3 cm (1+1⁄4 in) in diameter and 25–35 cm (10–14 in) long.
The fruit is globular, weighing 800 g (1.8 lb) and are 16–20 cm (6+1⁄2–8 in) long by 8–15 cm (3+1⁄4–6 in) wide with a yellow-green color and each mature tree can produce 600–800 fruits per year. Additionally, when ripe, the interior of the fruit is off white with a sweet taste and aroma. The fruit of the breadnut is mostly seed and the number of seeds per fruit can range from 12 to 150 per fruit at a mass of around 7–10 grams (0.25–0.35 oz) per seed. The seed of the fruit are normally spread by flying fox and other mammals.
Artocarpus camansi can be distinguished from the closely related A. altilis (breadfruit) by having spinier fruits with numerous seeds. Meanwhile, A. mariannensis can be distinguished by having dark green elongated fruits with darker yellow flesh, as well as entire or shallowly lobed leaves.
The species was first described in 1837 by the Spanish friar and botanist Francisco Manuel Blanco from specimens in the Philippines. The specific name is derived from the plant's Tagalog name kamansi.
Other common names for plant include chataigne, castaña 'tropical' (French and Spanish for the unrelated but culinarily similar chestnut), kapiak in New Guinea, katahar in Guyana, kluwih in Indonesia, sukun biji in Malaysia, kos-del, gamasi in Makassarese, (කොස්දෙල් ) in Sri Lanka, pan de fruta in Dominican Republic (Spanish for its relative breadfruit), labapin in Haïti, and pana de pepita in Puerto Rico.
Artocarpus camansi is likely endemic to New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, and the Philippines. The ambiguity of the origins of this plant is a result of spread and domestication of multiple species of breadfruit, A. camansi included, as Austronesian sailors spread from island to island in the Pacific. Artocarpus altilis, the breadfruit, is believed to be a domesticated descendant of A. camansi, selectively bred by Polynesians to be predominantly seedless.
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