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Barbara, Gaza
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Barbara, Gaza
Barbara (Arabic: برْبره) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict located 17 km northeast of Gaza city, in the vicinity of modern Ashkelon. It had an entirely Arab population of 2,410 in 1945. The village consisted of nearly 14,000 dunums of which approximately 12,700 dunums was able to be cultivated. It was captured by Israel during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Barbara received its modern name from the Romans. After the Roman rule the village was under the control of a number of empires and dynasties ranging from the Byzantines, various Islamic Arab dynasties, the Crusaders, the Turkish Mamluks[dubious – discuss], Ottomans and finally the British Empire.
Archeological building and pottery remains from the Late Roman and the Byzantine periods have been excavated here. Coins minted under Nero, Valentinian II, Theodosius I, Justin I and Justinian I were also found. A winepress, dating from the Byzantine period has been found. A coin, dating from the Umayyad era (697–750 CE) has also been found here.
According to the Arab geographer Mujir al-Din (1456–1522), the village was home to the Muslim scholar Sheikh Yusuf al-Barbarawi, a local sage and a student of renowned scholar Ahmad ibn Dawud, who died in 1323. Barbara was inhabited in the 15th century. Mamluk records mention its endowment as a waqf.
During the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Murad III (1574-1596), Barbara's only mosque was built. It contained the tomb of Yusuf al-Barbarawi. In the 1596 tax registers, Barbara was part of the nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza under the liwa' (district) of Gaza. It had a population of 73 Muslim households, an estimated 402 persons. They paid a fixed sum of 17,000 akçe in tax, where all the revenue went to a Muslim charitable endowment.
In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Barbara as a Muslim village, located in the Gaza district. In May 1863, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village. He estimated it had 400 inhabitants. He further noted a maqam (shrine) dedicated to Sheikh Yusuf, with sections of ancient white-grey marble columns. Further five -six sections of marble column were observed around the well. Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 that Barbara had a total of 113 houses and a population of 372, though the population count included men only. Hartmann found that Barbara had 112 houses. In 1883 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Barbara as a village rectangular in shape and surrounded by gardens and two ponds. The sand encroaching from the coast was stopped by the cactus hedges of the gardens. To the east of the village there were olive groves.
A building, dating to the late Ottoman, or early British Mandate era have been excavated. According to David Grossman, at least part of the village's residents had ancestral ties to Egypt.
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Barbara had a population of 1,369 inhabitants, all Muslims, which had increased in the 1931 census to 1546, still all Muslim, in 318 houses.
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Barbara, Gaza
Barbara (Arabic: برْبره) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict located 17 km northeast of Gaza city, in the vicinity of modern Ashkelon. It had an entirely Arab population of 2,410 in 1945. The village consisted of nearly 14,000 dunums of which approximately 12,700 dunums was able to be cultivated. It was captured by Israel during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Barbara received its modern name from the Romans. After the Roman rule the village was under the control of a number of empires and dynasties ranging from the Byzantines, various Islamic Arab dynasties, the Crusaders, the Turkish Mamluks[dubious – discuss], Ottomans and finally the British Empire.
Archeological building and pottery remains from the Late Roman and the Byzantine periods have been excavated here. Coins minted under Nero, Valentinian II, Theodosius I, Justin I and Justinian I were also found. A winepress, dating from the Byzantine period has been found. A coin, dating from the Umayyad era (697–750 CE) has also been found here.
According to the Arab geographer Mujir al-Din (1456–1522), the village was home to the Muslim scholar Sheikh Yusuf al-Barbarawi, a local sage and a student of renowned scholar Ahmad ibn Dawud, who died in 1323. Barbara was inhabited in the 15th century. Mamluk records mention its endowment as a waqf.
During the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Murad III (1574-1596), Barbara's only mosque was built. It contained the tomb of Yusuf al-Barbarawi. In the 1596 tax registers, Barbara was part of the nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza under the liwa' (district) of Gaza. It had a population of 73 Muslim households, an estimated 402 persons. They paid a fixed sum of 17,000 akçe in tax, where all the revenue went to a Muslim charitable endowment.
In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Barbara as a Muslim village, located in the Gaza district. In May 1863, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village. He estimated it had 400 inhabitants. He further noted a maqam (shrine) dedicated to Sheikh Yusuf, with sections of ancient white-grey marble columns. Further five -six sections of marble column were observed around the well. Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 that Barbara had a total of 113 houses and a population of 372, though the population count included men only. Hartmann found that Barbara had 112 houses. In 1883 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Barbara as a village rectangular in shape and surrounded by gardens and two ponds. The sand encroaching from the coast was stopped by the cactus hedges of the gardens. To the east of the village there were olive groves.
A building, dating to the late Ottoman, or early British Mandate era have been excavated. According to David Grossman, at least part of the village's residents had ancestral ties to Egypt.
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Barbara had a population of 1,369 inhabitants, all Muslims, which had increased in the 1931 census to 1546, still all Muslim, in 318 houses.
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