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Barelvi movement
The Barelvi movement or Barelvism is a south Asian Sunni revivalist movement that generally adheres to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, as well as a variety of Sufi orders, including the Qadiriyya, Chishti, Naqshbandi and Suhrawardi orders. It is named after Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921), a Sunni Sufi scholar who defended the status of Muhammad in Islam and Sufi practices.
The movement emerged in Bareilly, British India as a counter to the rising influence of the Deobandi and Wahhabi movements. The Barelvi movement later spread across the globe with millions of followers, thousands of mosques, institutions, and organisations in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the United Kingdom, South Africa and other parts of Africa, Europe, and the United States. As of 2000, the movement had around 200 million followers globally but mainly located in South Asia.
The movement claims to revive Islam by way of the sunnah as embodied in the Qur’an and hadith and drew inspiration from the Sunni doctrines of Shah Abdur Rahim (1644-1719) founder of Madrasah-i Rahimiyah and one of the compiler of Fatawa-e-Alamgiri. Shah Abdur Rahim is father of Shah Waliullah Dehlawi. The movement also drew inspiration from Shah Abdul Aziz Muhaddith Dehlavi (1746 –1824) and Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796–1861) founder of the Khairabad School. Fazle Haq Khairabadi Islamic scholar and leader of 1857 rebellion issued fatwas against Wahhabi Ismail Dehlvi for his doctrine of God's alleged ability to lie (imkan-i kizb) from Delhi in 1825. Ismail is considered as an intellectual ancestor of Deobandis.
The movement emphasises personal devotion and adherence to sharia and fiqh, upholding the doctrine of taqlid, the usage of Ilm al-Kalam and Sufi practices such as veneration of and seeking help from saints among other things associated with Sufism.
The term "Barelvi" is a demonym that was coined for the students studying at the Manzar-e-Islam seminary in Bareilly. The city of Bareilly was also the hometown of the movement's founder Imam Ahmad Raza Khan. However, the term 'Barelvi' was not used by Khan and other scholars to identify themselves or their movement; it was only later used by the section of media and by opposition groups. The Barelvis usually call themselves Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah. Professor Usha Sanyal, an expert on 'Ahl-i Sunnat Movement', referred the movement as Ahl-i Sunnat. She wrote that the movement refer to themselves as 'Sunnis' in their literature and prefer to be known by the title of Ahle Sunnat wa Jama'at a reference to the perception of them, as forming an international majority amongst Sunnis, although Barelvi is the term used by section of media to refer to this specific movement arising from Sunni Islam.
According to Barelvi scholars, Deobandis have created a new sect. The Barlevi madrasas of this movement have rarely, if ever, been involved in extremist politics and militancy. The Barelvis are also called Sunni Sufis.
In the 1880s, a Sufi revivalism movement began to emerge under the leadership of Ahmad Raza Khan (1856-1921), who spent his lifetime writing fatwas (judicial opinion) and later established Islamic schools in 1904 with the Manzar-e-Islam in the Bareilly and other madrasas in Pilibhit and Lahore cities. Barelvi movement formed as a defense of the traditional mystic practices of South Asia, which it sought to prove and support.
Hindu Arya Samaj, through its founder Swami Dayanand Saraswati initiated converting Muslims back in to Hinduism specially in North India, and Punjab in early 1900s. They became active in Bharatpur State and they also preached to the neo-Muslim Malkanas, in Etawah, Kanpur, Shahajahnpur, Hardoi, Meerut and Mainpuri in the western United Provinces, exhorting them to return to what they believed was their 'ancestral religion'. As a result, the movement became controversial and it also antagonised the Muslims populace To counter this movement Indian Muslims started Islamic Dawa work among the Muslim population and challenged the Arya Samaj leaders for debates. Mufti Naeemuddin Moradabadi, Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri and Hamid Raza Khan along with a team of Ahle Sunnat scholars through Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa worked in north Indian towns and villages against the Shuddhi movement. The Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa prevented around four hundred thousand conversions to Hinduism in eastern U.P. and Rajasthan during its activities under anti-Shuddhi movement. In 1917, Islamic scholar Mufti Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi organised the historical Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa conference at Jamia Naeemia Moradabad U.P., with a mission to curb, and if possible reverse, the tide of re-conversions threatening the Muslim community in the wake of the Shuddhi movement.
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Barelvi movement
The Barelvi movement or Barelvism is a south Asian Sunni revivalist movement that generally adheres to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, as well as a variety of Sufi orders, including the Qadiriyya, Chishti, Naqshbandi and Suhrawardi orders. It is named after Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921), a Sunni Sufi scholar who defended the status of Muhammad in Islam and Sufi practices.
The movement emerged in Bareilly, British India as a counter to the rising influence of the Deobandi and Wahhabi movements. The Barelvi movement later spread across the globe with millions of followers, thousands of mosques, institutions, and organisations in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the United Kingdom, South Africa and other parts of Africa, Europe, and the United States. As of 2000, the movement had around 200 million followers globally but mainly located in South Asia.
The movement claims to revive Islam by way of the sunnah as embodied in the Qur’an and hadith and drew inspiration from the Sunni doctrines of Shah Abdur Rahim (1644-1719) founder of Madrasah-i Rahimiyah and one of the compiler of Fatawa-e-Alamgiri. Shah Abdur Rahim is father of Shah Waliullah Dehlawi. The movement also drew inspiration from Shah Abdul Aziz Muhaddith Dehlavi (1746 –1824) and Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796–1861) founder of the Khairabad School. Fazle Haq Khairabadi Islamic scholar and leader of 1857 rebellion issued fatwas against Wahhabi Ismail Dehlvi for his doctrine of God's alleged ability to lie (imkan-i kizb) from Delhi in 1825. Ismail is considered as an intellectual ancestor of Deobandis.
The movement emphasises personal devotion and adherence to sharia and fiqh, upholding the doctrine of taqlid, the usage of Ilm al-Kalam and Sufi practices such as veneration of and seeking help from saints among other things associated with Sufism.
The term "Barelvi" is a demonym that was coined for the students studying at the Manzar-e-Islam seminary in Bareilly. The city of Bareilly was also the hometown of the movement's founder Imam Ahmad Raza Khan. However, the term 'Barelvi' was not used by Khan and other scholars to identify themselves or their movement; it was only later used by the section of media and by opposition groups. The Barelvis usually call themselves Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah. Professor Usha Sanyal, an expert on 'Ahl-i Sunnat Movement', referred the movement as Ahl-i Sunnat. She wrote that the movement refer to themselves as 'Sunnis' in their literature and prefer to be known by the title of Ahle Sunnat wa Jama'at a reference to the perception of them, as forming an international majority amongst Sunnis, although Barelvi is the term used by section of media to refer to this specific movement arising from Sunni Islam.
According to Barelvi scholars, Deobandis have created a new sect. The Barlevi madrasas of this movement have rarely, if ever, been involved in extremist politics and militancy. The Barelvis are also called Sunni Sufis.
In the 1880s, a Sufi revivalism movement began to emerge under the leadership of Ahmad Raza Khan (1856-1921), who spent his lifetime writing fatwas (judicial opinion) and later established Islamic schools in 1904 with the Manzar-e-Islam in the Bareilly and other madrasas in Pilibhit and Lahore cities. Barelvi movement formed as a defense of the traditional mystic practices of South Asia, which it sought to prove and support.
Hindu Arya Samaj, through its founder Swami Dayanand Saraswati initiated converting Muslims back in to Hinduism specially in North India, and Punjab in early 1900s. They became active in Bharatpur State and they also preached to the neo-Muslim Malkanas, in Etawah, Kanpur, Shahajahnpur, Hardoi, Meerut and Mainpuri in the western United Provinces, exhorting them to return to what they believed was their 'ancestral religion'. As a result, the movement became controversial and it also antagonised the Muslims populace To counter this movement Indian Muslims started Islamic Dawa work among the Muslim population and challenged the Arya Samaj leaders for debates. Mufti Naeemuddin Moradabadi, Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri and Hamid Raza Khan along with a team of Ahle Sunnat scholars through Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa worked in north Indian towns and villages against the Shuddhi movement. The Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa prevented around four hundred thousand conversions to Hinduism in eastern U.P. and Rajasthan during its activities under anti-Shuddhi movement. In 1917, Islamic scholar Mufti Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi organised the historical Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa conference at Jamia Naeemia Moradabad U.P., with a mission to curb, and if possible reverse, the tide of re-conversions threatening the Muslim community in the wake of the Shuddhi movement.
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