The Qadiriyya (Arabic: القادرية) or the Qadiri order (Arabic: الطريقة القادرية, romanized: al-Ṭarīqa al-Qādiriyya) is a Sunni Sufi order (tariqa) founded by Abdul Qadir Gilani (1077–1166, also transliterated Jilani), who was a Hanbali scholar from Gilan, Iran.

The order, with its many sub-orders, is widespread. Its members are present in India, Bangladesh, China, Turkey, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Balkans, Russia, Palestine, as well as East, West and North Africa.

Abdul Qadir Gilani, a Hanbali scholar and preacher, having been a pupil at the madrasa of Abu Saeed Mubarak, became the leader of the madrasa after Mubarak's death in 1119. Being the new Sheikh, he and his large family lived in the madrasa until his death in 1166, when his son, Abdul Razzaq, succeeded his father as Sheikh. Abdul Razzaq published a hagiography of his father, adding to his already established reputation as founder of a prestigious Sufi order.

The Qadiriyya flourished, surviving the Mongolian conquest of Baghdad in 1258, and remained an influential Sunni Sufi order. After the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate, the legend of Abdul Qadir Gilani was again found in many texts such as The Joy of the Secrets in Abdul Qadir's Mysterious Deeds (Bahjat al-Asrar fi ba'd manaqib 'Abd al-Qadir) attributed to Nur al-Din 'Ali al-Shattanufi, who taught that Abdul Qadir Gilani was the greatest saint within Islam, helping the Qadiri order flourish far beyond Baghdad.

By the end of the fifteenth century, the Qadiriyya had distinct sub-orders and had spread to Morocco, Spain, Turkey, India, Ethiopia, Somalia, and present-day Mali.

Khwaja Abdullah, a Sheikh of the Qadiriyya and a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, is reported to have entered China in 1674 and traveled the country preaching until his death in 1689. One of his students, Qi Jingyi Hilal al-Din, is said to have rooted Qadiri Sufism in China. He was buried in Linxia City, which became the center of the Qadiriyya in China.

Sultan Bahu contributed to the spread of the Qadiriyya in India. His method of spreading the teachings of the Sufi doctrine of Faqr was through his Punjabi couplets and other writings, which numbered more than 140.

Sheikh Sidi Ahmad al-Bakka'i of the Kunta family was born in the region of the Noun river, Akka, in Morocco. He established a Qadiri Zawiya or Sufi lodge in Walata. In the sixteenth century, his family spread across the Sahara to Timbuktu, Agades, Bornu, and Nigeria, and in the eighteenth century, large numbers of Kunta family members moved to the region of the middle of Niger where they established the village of Mabruk. Sidi al-Mukhtar al-Kunti (1728–1811) united the Kunta family's factions by successful negotiation, and established an extensive confederation. Under his influence, the Maliki school of Islamic law was reinvigorated and the Qadiriyya order spread throughout Mauritania, the middle Niger region, Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Futa Toro, and Futa Jallon. Kunta settlements in the Senegambian region became centers of Muslim teaching.