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Boars in heraldry
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Boars in heraldry
The wild boar and boar's head are common charges in heraldry.
The boar was used as an emblem in some instances during antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (i.e. predating the development of classical European heraldry). During the Roman Empire, at least three legions are known to have used a boar as their emblems – Legio I Italica, Legio X Fretensis and Legio XX Valeria Victrix. The Knocknagael Boar Stone is a well-known Pictish stone with a depiction of a boar emblem dating to circa the 7th century. In this context, the name of Orkney is interpreted as being derived from orc-, the Celtic for "pig", presumably from a Pictish tribe which displayed a boar or wild pig as their emblem. The boar also appears as an emblem for Germanic tribes during the Anglo-Saxon and Vendel periods and the Viking Age. This is reflected in the boar helmets worn in battle, attested in archeological records and both Old English and Old Norse written sources. The boar is closely associated with Freyr and has also been proposed to be a totemic animal to the Swedes, in particular the Yngling royal dynasty who ruled at a cultic centre for the god.
The Fergusson baronets of Nova Scotia display as their arms three gold boars on an blue shield with a silver buckle in the center. Three royal Irish chieftans originally came to Scotland from Ireland and became the Kings of Dál Riata – they battled and married into the Picts uniting Scotland and are considered to be the first Scottish kings. The three brothers established separate Ferguson clans in different regions of Scotland and display different arms having three boars in common.
With the development of heraldry in the late Middle Ages, the boar makes an appearance as the White Boar, a personal device of Richard III of England used as his livery badges.
In the 15th century, a coat of arms of "Triballia", depicting a wild boar with an arrow piercing its head, was dislayed as the supposed arms of Emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–1355). The device had, in 1415, been used as the coat of arms of the Serbian Despotate and is used in one of Stefan Lazarević's personal seals, according to the paper Сабор у Констанци. Pavao Ritter Vitezović also depicts "Triballia" with the same emblem in 1701 and Hristofor Žefarović again in 1741. During the First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813), in 1805 the Parliament adopted the coat of arms of Serbia. Its official seal depicted the heraldic emblems of Serbia and Triballia.
The Buzic noble family of Bohemia used a boar's head as heraldic device from the 14th century, later (as Zajíc) combined with a hare.
In the early modern period, use of a boar's head (rather than the entire animal) became popular as a heraldic device. Siebmachers Wappenbuch (1605) shows a boar in the coat of arms of the noble von Schweinichen family.
Boars, in whole or in part, feature frequently in British heraldry. While a distinction is sometimes made between the wild animal, termed the wild boar or sanglier, and the male domestic pig, termed simply the boar, these are not depicted differently from one another in heraldic art. The boar's head is a common charge, and in English heraldry is traditionally shown attached to its neck. In Scottish and Welsh heraldry, however, it cut off from behind the ears. In the first case, the boar's head is described as being couped or erased at the neck, while in the latter it is couped or erased close.
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Boars in heraldry
The wild boar and boar's head are common charges in heraldry.
The boar was used as an emblem in some instances during antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (i.e. predating the development of classical European heraldry). During the Roman Empire, at least three legions are known to have used a boar as their emblems – Legio I Italica, Legio X Fretensis and Legio XX Valeria Victrix. The Knocknagael Boar Stone is a well-known Pictish stone with a depiction of a boar emblem dating to circa the 7th century. In this context, the name of Orkney is interpreted as being derived from orc-, the Celtic for "pig", presumably from a Pictish tribe which displayed a boar or wild pig as their emblem. The boar also appears as an emblem for Germanic tribes during the Anglo-Saxon and Vendel periods and the Viking Age. This is reflected in the boar helmets worn in battle, attested in archeological records and both Old English and Old Norse written sources. The boar is closely associated with Freyr and has also been proposed to be a totemic animal to the Swedes, in particular the Yngling royal dynasty who ruled at a cultic centre for the god.
The Fergusson baronets of Nova Scotia display as their arms three gold boars on an blue shield with a silver buckle in the center. Three royal Irish chieftans originally came to Scotland from Ireland and became the Kings of Dál Riata – they battled and married into the Picts uniting Scotland and are considered to be the first Scottish kings. The three brothers established separate Ferguson clans in different regions of Scotland and display different arms having three boars in common.
With the development of heraldry in the late Middle Ages, the boar makes an appearance as the White Boar, a personal device of Richard III of England used as his livery badges.
In the 15th century, a coat of arms of "Triballia", depicting a wild boar with an arrow piercing its head, was dislayed as the supposed arms of Emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–1355). The device had, in 1415, been used as the coat of arms of the Serbian Despotate and is used in one of Stefan Lazarević's personal seals, according to the paper Сабор у Констанци. Pavao Ritter Vitezović also depicts "Triballia" with the same emblem in 1701 and Hristofor Žefarović again in 1741. During the First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813), in 1805 the Parliament adopted the coat of arms of Serbia. Its official seal depicted the heraldic emblems of Serbia and Triballia.
The Buzic noble family of Bohemia used a boar's head as heraldic device from the 14th century, later (as Zajíc) combined with a hare.
In the early modern period, use of a boar's head (rather than the entire animal) became popular as a heraldic device. Siebmachers Wappenbuch (1605) shows a boar in the coat of arms of the noble von Schweinichen family.
Boars, in whole or in part, feature frequently in British heraldry. While a distinction is sometimes made between the wild animal, termed the wild boar or sanglier, and the male domestic pig, termed simply the boar, these are not depicted differently from one another in heraldic art. The boar's head is a common charge, and in English heraldry is traditionally shown attached to its neck. In Scottish and Welsh heraldry, however, it cut off from behind the ears. In the first case, the boar's head is described as being couped or erased at the neck, while in the latter it is couped or erased close.
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