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Carbon (API) AI simulator
(@Carbon (API)_simulator)
Hub AI
Carbon (API) AI simulator
(@Carbon (API)_simulator)
Carbon (API)
Carbon is one of two primary C-based application programming interfaces (APIs) that were developed by Apple for the Mac OS X operating system. Carbon provided a good degree of backward compatibility for programs that ran on Mac OS 8 and 9. Developers could use the Carbon APIs to port (“carbonize”) their “classic” Mac applications and software to the Mac OS X platform with little effort, compared to porting the app to the entirely different Cocoa system, which originated in OPENSTEP. With the release of the Macintosh's 10.15 (Catalina) update, the Carbon API was officially discontinued and removed, leaving Cocoa as the sole primary API for developing modern Mac applications.
Carbon was an important part of Apple's strategy for bringing Mac OS X to market, offering a path for quick porting of existing software applications, as well as a means of shipping applications that would run on either Mac OS X or the classic Mac OS. As the market has increasingly moved to the Cocoa-based frameworks, especially after the release of iOS, the need for a porting library was reduced. Apple did not create a 64-bit version of Carbon while updating their other frameworks in the 2007 time-frame, and eventually deprecated the entire API in OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, which was released on July 24, 2012.
The original Mac OS used Pascal as its primary development platform, and the APIs were heavily based on Pascal's call semantics. Much of the Macintosh Toolbox consisted of procedure calls, passing information back and forth between the API and program using a variety of data structures based on Pascal's variant record concept.
Over time, a number of object libraries evolved on the Mac, notably the Object Pascal library MacApp and the THINK C Think Class Library, and later versions of MacApp and CodeWarrior's PowerPlant in C++.
With the purchase of NeXT in late 1996, Apple developed a new operating system strategy based largely on the existing OPENSTEP for Mach platform. The new Rhapsody OS strategy was relatively simple; it retained most of OpenStep's existing object libraries under the name "Yellow Box", ported the existing GUI in OPENSTEP for Mach and made it look more Mac-like, ported several major APIs from the Mac OS to Rhapsody's underlying Unix-like system (notably QuickTime and AppleSearch), and added an emulator known as the "Blue Box" that ran existing Mac OS software.
When this plan was revealed at the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in 1997 there was some push-back from existing Mac OS developers who were upset that their code bases would be effectively locked into an emulator that was unlikely to ever be updated. They took to calling the Blue Box the "penalty box".[citation needed] Larger developers like Microsoft and Adobe balked outright, and refused to consider porting to OpenStep, which was so different from the existing Mac OS that there was little or no compatibility.
Apple took these concerns to heart. When Steve Jobs announced Apple's change in direction at the next WWDC in 1998, he stated that "what developers really wanted was a modern version of the Mac OS, and Apple [was] going to deliver it".
The original Rhapsody concept, with only the Blue Box for running existing Mac OS software, was eventually released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0. This was the only release based on the original Rhapsody concept.
Carbon (API)
Carbon is one of two primary C-based application programming interfaces (APIs) that were developed by Apple for the Mac OS X operating system. Carbon provided a good degree of backward compatibility for programs that ran on Mac OS 8 and 9. Developers could use the Carbon APIs to port (“carbonize”) their “classic” Mac applications and software to the Mac OS X platform with little effort, compared to porting the app to the entirely different Cocoa system, which originated in OPENSTEP. With the release of the Macintosh's 10.15 (Catalina) update, the Carbon API was officially discontinued and removed, leaving Cocoa as the sole primary API for developing modern Mac applications.
Carbon was an important part of Apple's strategy for bringing Mac OS X to market, offering a path for quick porting of existing software applications, as well as a means of shipping applications that would run on either Mac OS X or the classic Mac OS. As the market has increasingly moved to the Cocoa-based frameworks, especially after the release of iOS, the need for a porting library was reduced. Apple did not create a 64-bit version of Carbon while updating their other frameworks in the 2007 time-frame, and eventually deprecated the entire API in OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, which was released on July 24, 2012.
The original Mac OS used Pascal as its primary development platform, and the APIs were heavily based on Pascal's call semantics. Much of the Macintosh Toolbox consisted of procedure calls, passing information back and forth between the API and program using a variety of data structures based on Pascal's variant record concept.
Over time, a number of object libraries evolved on the Mac, notably the Object Pascal library MacApp and the THINK C Think Class Library, and later versions of MacApp and CodeWarrior's PowerPlant in C++.
With the purchase of NeXT in late 1996, Apple developed a new operating system strategy based largely on the existing OPENSTEP for Mach platform. The new Rhapsody OS strategy was relatively simple; it retained most of OpenStep's existing object libraries under the name "Yellow Box", ported the existing GUI in OPENSTEP for Mach and made it look more Mac-like, ported several major APIs from the Mac OS to Rhapsody's underlying Unix-like system (notably QuickTime and AppleSearch), and added an emulator known as the "Blue Box" that ran existing Mac OS software.
When this plan was revealed at the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in 1997 there was some push-back from existing Mac OS developers who were upset that their code bases would be effectively locked into an emulator that was unlikely to ever be updated. They took to calling the Blue Box the "penalty box".[citation needed] Larger developers like Microsoft and Adobe balked outright, and refused to consider porting to OpenStep, which was so different from the existing Mac OS that there was little or no compatibility.
Apple took these concerns to heart. When Steve Jobs announced Apple's change in direction at the next WWDC in 1998, he stated that "what developers really wanted was a modern version of the Mac OS, and Apple [was] going to deliver it".
The original Rhapsody concept, with only the Blue Box for running existing Mac OS software, was eventually released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0. This was the only release based on the original Rhapsody concept.