Christoph Eschenbach (German: [ˈkʁɪstɔf ˈɛʃn̩bax]; born 20 February 1940) is a German pianist and conductor. Over the past decades, he has held positions as music directors at 13 orchestras worldwide. In 2014, he was awarded a Grammy Award for an album with works by Paul Hindemith and received the prestigious Ernst von Siemens Music Prize in 2015 for his contributions to music.

In 2025, his biography Christoph Eschenbach: Lebensatem Musik, written by cultural journalist Margarete Zander was published in German.

Eschenbach was born on 20 February 1940 in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) as Christoph Ringmann. His parents were Margarethe (née Jaross), a singer and teacher of piano, and Heribert Ringmann, a conductor and musicologist in Breslau and Posen. He was orphaned during World War II: his mother died giving birth to him, and his father continued to conduct until late 1943, after leading a performance of Brahms’s Requiem in Breslau. He became an anti‑Nazi activist, was conscripted into a punishment battalion and killed on the Eastern Front.

His grandmother then cared for him, but she died in the winter of 1945–46 at a refugee camp in Mecklenburg. As a result of this trauma, Eschenbach did not speak for a year, until his adoptive mother asked if he wanted to play music. In 1946, his mother's cousin, Wallydore Eschenbach (née Jaross), adopted him and began teaching him piano from 1948 through 1959. He lived with Wallydore and her husband, Wolfram Eschenbach, first in Wismar and later in Neustadt in Holstein. At age 11, he attended a concert conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler, which made a profound impression on him. In 1955, Eschenbach enrolled at the Musikhochschule in Cologne, studying piano with Hans‑Otto Schmidt‑Neuhaus and conducting with Wilhelm Brückner‑Rüggeberg. He also completed his Abitur at the Einhard‑Gymnasium in Aachen in 1959, then continued his studies at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg with Eliza Hansen (piano) and again with Wilhelm Brückner‑Rüggeberg (conducting).

In 1964, Eschenbach made his first recording (of Mozart) for Deutsche Grammophon and signed a contract with the label after winning the ARD Piano Competition in 1962. A year later, he won the Clara Haskil Competition in Vevey, Switzerland. During this period, he continued his conducting studies with George Szell, working alongside him for more than three years, and also counted Herbert von Karajan among his mentors, making his pianist debut with the Berlin Philharmonic in 1972. As a pianist, he is particularly known for his Schubert and Mozart recordings, often in duo performances with Justus Frantz, and has also teamed with Dietrich Fischer‑Dieskau, Sviatoslav Richter, Lang Lang, Renée Fleming, Leonidas Kavakos, Peter Schreier, former German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, Matthias Goerne and Tzimon Barto to perform recitals internationally.

Eschenbach made his debut with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1973. In 1978, he took over the artistic direction of the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland‑Pfalz, and in 1981, he became principal guest conductor of the Tonhalle‑Orchester Zürich, subsequently serving as its chief conductor from 1982 to 1986. In 1982, he made his debut with the New York Philharmonic. From 1988 to 1999, he was music director of the Houston Symphony Orchestra, where he remains conductor laureate. During his tenure, the orchestra toured Japan and Europe and made several recordings for Koch International Classics and RCA. In his honor, the City of Houston placed a bronze commemorative star bearing his name in front of Jones Hall. During this period, he also served as co‑artistic director of the Pacific Music Festival in Japan from 1992 to 1998 and as music director of the Ravinia Festival from 1994 to 2003. Eschenbach made his debut with the Vienna Philharmonic in 2002.

He then led the NDR Symphony Orchestra Hamburg as chief conductor from 1998 to 2004. In 1998, he also made his debut as conductor with the Berlin Philharmonic, an orchestra he subsequently led on numerous occasions. Simultaneously, he was artistic director of the Schleswig‑Holstein Musik Festival from 1999 until 2003 and became principal conductor of the Schleswig‑Holstein Festival Orchestra in 2003.

In 2003, Eschenbach became the seventh Music Director of the Philadelphia Orchestra. His appointment came under discussion due to his limited engagements with the orchestra and initial concerns about rapport with musicians which the Philadelphia Orchestra Association characterized as inaccurate. Later, his preference for flexible tempi also received mixed responses. During Eschenbach's tenure, the orchestra secured a recording contract, appointed nine musicians (including four principals), and increased fundraising. After his initial three‑year contract was extended to 2008, Eschenbach and the orchestra announced in October 2006 that his tenure would conclude at the end of the 2007–2008 season. Following his directorship, Eschenbach returned as guest conductor for the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 seasons.