Chroniosaurus

Chroniosaurus; Temporal range: 255 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Upper Permian
	C. dongusensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Reptiliomorpha (?)
Order:	†Chroniosuchia
Family:	†Chroniosuchidae
Genus:	†Chroniosaurus; Tverdochlebova, 1972
Species
	†C. dongusensis Tverdokhlebova, 1972 (type); †C. levis Golubev, 1998;

Chroniosaurus is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid stegocephalian, often considered a reptiliomorph^[1] but possibly a stem-tetrapod,^[2] from upper Permian (upper Tatarian age) deposits of Novgorod, Orenburg and Vologda Regions, Russia.^[3] It was first named by Tverdokhlebova in 1972 and the type species is Chroniosaurus dongusensis.^[3]

Its lifestyle is uncertain. An early study suggested a fairly aquatic lifestyle,^[4] but its femoral microanatomy^[5] and dorsal dermal plates^[6] suggest a rather terrestrial lifestyle.

References

^ Buchwitz, Michael; Foth, Christian; Kogan, Ilja; Voigt, Sebastian (May 2012). "On the use of osteoderm features in a phylogenetic approach on the internal relationships of the Chroniosuchia (Tetrapoda: Reptiliomorpha)". Palaeontology. 55 (3): 623–640. Bibcode:2012Palgy..55..623B. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01137.x.
^ Marjanović, David; Laurin, Michel (4 January 2019). "Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix". PeerJ. 6: e5565. doi:10.7717/peerj.5565. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6322490. PMID 30631641.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
^ ^a ^b V. K. Golubev (1998). "Revision of the Late Permian Chroniosuchians (Amphibia, Anthracosauromorpha) from Eastern Europe" (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 32 (4): 390–401.
^ Golubev, V. K. (1998). "Narrow-armored chroniosuchians (Amphibia, Anthracosauromorpha) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe". Paleontological Journal. 32: 278–287.
^ Laurin, Michel; Girondot, Marc; Loth, Marie-Madeleine (December 2004). <0589:TEOLBM>2.0.CO;2 "The evolution of long bone microstructure and lifestyle in lissamphibians". Paleobiology. 30 (4): 589–613. Bibcode:2004Pbio...30..589L. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0589:TEOLBM>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0094-8373.
^ Buchwitz, Michael; Witzmann, Florian; Voigt, Sebastian; Golubev, Valeriy (July 2012). "Osteoderm microstructure indicates the presence of a crocodylian-like trunk bracing system in a group of armoured basal tetrapods". Acta Zoologica. 93 (3): 260–280. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00502.x.

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[Buchwitz_et_al._2012a-1] Buchwitz, Michael; Foth, Christian; Kogan, Ilja; Voigt, Sebastian (May 2012). "On the use of osteoderm features in a phylogenetic approach on the internal relationships of the Chroniosuchia (Tetrapoda: Reptiliomorpha)". Palaeontology. 55 (3): 623–640. Bibcode:2012Palgy..55..623B. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01137.x.

[Marjanović_&_Laurin_2019-2] Marjanović, David; Laurin, Michel (4 January 2019). "Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix". PeerJ. 6: e5565. doi:10.7717/peerj.5565. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6322490. PMID 30631641.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

[Golubev98-3] V. K. Golubev (1998). "Revision of the Late Permian Chroniosuchians (Amphibia, Anthracosauromorpha) from Eastern Europe" (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 32 (4): 390–401.

[Golubev_1998-4] Golubev, V. K. (1998). "Narrow-armored chroniosuchians (Amphibia, Anthracosauromorpha) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe". Paleontological Journal. 32: 278–287.

[Laurin_et_al._2004-5] Laurin, Michel; Girondot, Marc; Loth, Marie-Madeleine (December 2004). <0589:TEOLBM>2.0.CO;2 "The evolution of long bone microstructure and lifestyle in lissamphibians". Paleobiology. 30 (4): 589–613. Bibcode:2004Pbio...30..589L. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0589:TEOLBM>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0094-8373.

[Buchwitz_et_al._2012b-6] Buchwitz, Michael; Witzmann, Florian; Voigt, Sebastian; Golubev, Valeriy (July 2012). "Osteoderm microstructure indicates the presence of a crocodylian-like trunk bracing system in a group of armoured basal tetrapods". Acta Zoologica. 93 (3): 260–280. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00502.x.

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Chroniosaurus

Chroniosaurus

Chroniosaurus

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Root Wikipedia Article

Chroniosaurus

References

Chroniosaurus Temporal range: 255 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Upper Permian

C. dongusensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Reptiliomorpha (?)
Order:	†Chroniosuchia
Family:	†Chroniosuchidae
Genus:	†Chroniosaurus Tverdochlebova, 1972
Species
†C. dongusensis Tverdokhlebova, 1972 (type) †C. levis Golubev, 1998